I want to introduct something about .
For delivered electrical power, see Electrical power industry.
For physics concept of expenditure of energy, see Power (physics).
Electric power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt.
Electrical power is distributed via cables and electricity pylons like these in Brisbane, Australia.
When electric current flows in a circuit, it can transfer energy to do mechanical or thermodynamic work. Devices convert electrical energy into many useful forms, such as heat (electric heaters), light (light bulbs), motion (electric motors), sound (loudspeaker) or chemical changes. Electricity can be produced mechanically by generation, or chemically, or by direct conversion from light in photovoltaic cells, also it can be stored chemically in batteries.
Contents
1 Mathematics of electric power
1.1 Circuits
1.1.1 Direct current
1.1.2 Alternating current
1.2 In space
2 See also
2.1 Power generation
3 References
4 External links
//
Mathematics of electric power
Circuits
Electric power, like mechanical power, is represented by the letter P in electrical equations. The term wattage is used colloquially to mean "electric power in watts."
Direct current
In direct current resistive circuits, instantaneous electrical power is calculated using Joule's Law, which is named after the British physicist James Joule, who first showed that heat and mechanical energy were interchangeable. Joule's Law is
where P is the electric power, V the potential difference, and I the electric current.
Joule's law can be combined with Ohm's law (V = RI) to produce two more equations:
and
where R is the electric resistance.
Alternating current
In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductance and capacitance may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow. The portion of power flow that, averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform, results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as real power (also referred to as active power). That portion of power flow due to stored energy, that returns to the source in each cycle, is known as reactive power.
Power triangle The components of AC power
The relationship between real power, reactive power and apparent power can be expressed by representing the quantities as vectors. Real power is represented as a horizontal vector and reactive power is represented as a vertical vector. The apparent power vector is the hypotenuse of a right triangle formed by connecting the real and reactive power vectors. This representation is often called the power triangle. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, the relationship among real, reactive and apparent power is:
(apparent power)2 = (real power)2 + (reactive power)2
Real and reactive powers can also be calculated directly from the apparent power, when the current and voltage are both sinusoids with a known phase angle between them:
(real power) = (apparent power) * cos(theta)
(reactive power) = (apparent power) * sin(theta)
The ratio of real power to apparent power is called power factor and is a number always between 0 and 1.
In space
Electrical power flows wherever electric and magnetic fields exist in the same place. The simplest example of this is in electrical circuits, as the preceding section showed. In the general case, however, the simple equation P = IV must be replaced by a more complex calculation, the integral of the vector cross-product of the electrical and magnetic fields over a specified area, thus:
The result is a scalar since it is the surface integral of the Poynting vector.
See also
Energy portal
AC power
EGRID
World energy resources and consumption
Rural electricity
Power generation
Electricity generation
Energy development
Nuclear Power
Fossil fuel power plant
Geothermal Power
References
Key Facts About the Electric Power Industry, Edison Electric Institute website
Reports on August 2003 Blackout, North American Electric Reliability Council website
Croft, Terrell; Summers, Wilford I. (1987). American Electricans' Handbook (Eleventh Edition ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-070-13932-6. http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/getbook.php?isbn=0071377352.
Fink, Donald G.; Beaty, H. Wayne (1978). Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers (Eleventh Edition ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-070-20974-X. http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/getbook.php?isbn=0070220050.
External links
Electric power calculations
Categories: Electric power | Electromagnetism(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about wall plate thermostat, cold oil press, . The products should be show more here!
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Cup holder
I want to introduct something about Digital Photo Frame (HDF-010). Product Name: 7-inch digital frame Features: Support different cards including SM, CF, MMC, SD, MS and XD Format supported: JPEC and BMP Zoom function Remote control included Rotation function comprising four kinds of mode (90.180.270 and normal) Slide show function: Can be set with background music Music format: Mp3 and wma Sup Storage: 16mb, 128mb, 512mb, 1g and 2g are available Port multi-language, including English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Dutch. The contents in the memory cards can be canceled or be copied Support eight kinds of slid show effects Detailed description: Aspect Ratio: 7-inch 16: 9 Case Color: Silver and Black (availability for different color) Pixel Pitch: 0.107mm X 0.370mm Viewing area: 154.08mm X 86.58mm Max Resolution: 480*3(RGB)*234 Luminance: 350cd/m2 Contrast Ratio: 300: 1 Response Time: 20ms Viewing Angle: L60 R60 U40 D60 Display Colors:
A cup holder is a device to hold a cup or other drinking vessel. It is a fixture in automobiles, trains, and other transportation, as well as in some movie theatres, sports arenas, etc.
Contents
1 Automobiles
2 The bus/train cup holder
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
//
Automobiles
retractable cupholder in a Saab 9-5.
The armrest in the back seat of a Lincoln Town Car, featuring two cupholders.
Cup holders were first invented by James Guillow in 1943.
The development of the drive-in restaurant was a step in the cupholder's development. Servers would attach a tray that hooked over the car's side window, which needed to be left up a little for it to attach to. This gave a temporary table to hold drinks and food while eating in the car. The drive-in restaurant and cinema encouraged the development of built-in tray tables; often, the inside of the glove compartment lid, when folded down, had indentations to hold cups and cans, and were found in cars as early as the 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air. These were sufficient to hold beverages when the car was stopped, but not while in motion.
The later development of the drive-through restaurant encouraged the development of better holders for drinks, and a more fast-paced life and longer commute times made many drivers desire to drink their morning coffee in the car on the way to work. The 1960s saw coffee cups with wide, flat, rubberised bases being sold, which would keep them steady on the dash or console. A little later, aftermarket cupholders began to be sold. These often clipped onto the door windows, although other designs wedge in between the front seats and the center console.
Built-in cupholders began to be available in the 1980s. Minivans were pioneers in their availability, and they still offer the greatest number of them. Over time, automotive cupholders have become larger and more sophisticated, so that they can hold a variety of different cup sizes securely. Many offer spring-loaded holders that clasp the cup securely, no matter how large or small. The development of ever-larger cups by fast-food chains and convenience stores in the United States has proven a challenge to automotive designers; many fast-food chains now offer 44 fl.oz. (1.3 L) drinks. The automobile cup-holder has also driven the development of "car cups" designed to fit within most cars' cup holders; these have a narrower base but flare outward after a short cylindrical distance.
The installation of cup holders in automobiles increased significantly after Stella Liebeck v. McDonald's Corporation, where a 79-year-old woman in Albuquerque, New Mexico ordered hot coffee from a McDonald's restaurant. She then spilled the coffee on her lap and was seriously scalded. She subsequently sued McDonald's in a jury trial. Liebeck was awarded US$2.7 million in damages by the Jury, which was later reduced by the judge to US$640,000. The case was settled privately for an undisclosed sum.
Many people, particularly in the United States, consider the design, location and number of cup holders in a vehicle to be one of the most important attributes influencing their vehicle purchase. Others take the contrary view; that they are irrelevant, and encourage a dangerous practice which distracts drivers from their primary task. Cars designed primarily for the North American market have tended to have larger cupholders, while those for which the primary market is outside of North America tend to have smaller ones.
In Europe, cupholders in cars are not used as much as in the United States and are viewed with contempt by some motorists. However, as most cars are now built for a global market, including the United States, many cars in Europe do feature cupholders.
The bus/train cup holder
Cup holder installed on a bus.
Before the automobile cup holders, many buses and trains were built with wall-mounted cup holders. These cup holders are usually constructed by thin stainless steel plates. Some of them are covered by rubber.
See also
Bottle cage
References
^ Alton Brown on the TV show Feasting on Asphalt (episode 1), Food Network
External links
How U.S. car design came to include cup holders. - Henry Petrovski, Slate.com, 15 March 2004.
My cup runneth over - James May, The Daily Telegraph (UK), 19 June 2004.
Categories: Automotive accessories(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about port rubber fender, global market performance, . The Digital Photo Frame (HDF-010) products should be show more here!
A cup holder is a device to hold a cup or other drinking vessel. It is a fixture in automobiles, trains, and other transportation, as well as in some movie theatres, sports arenas, etc.
Contents
1 Automobiles
2 The bus/train cup holder
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
//
Automobiles
retractable cupholder in a Saab 9-5.
The armrest in the back seat of a Lincoln Town Car, featuring two cupholders.
Cup holders were first invented by James Guillow in 1943.
The development of the drive-in restaurant was a step in the cupholder's development. Servers would attach a tray that hooked over the car's side window, which needed to be left up a little for it to attach to. This gave a temporary table to hold drinks and food while eating in the car. The drive-in restaurant and cinema encouraged the development of built-in tray tables; often, the inside of the glove compartment lid, when folded down, had indentations to hold cups and cans, and were found in cars as early as the 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air. These were sufficient to hold beverages when the car was stopped, but not while in motion.
The later development of the drive-through restaurant encouraged the development of better holders for drinks, and a more fast-paced life and longer commute times made many drivers desire to drink their morning coffee in the car on the way to work. The 1960s saw coffee cups with wide, flat, rubberised bases being sold, which would keep them steady on the dash or console. A little later, aftermarket cupholders began to be sold. These often clipped onto the door windows, although other designs wedge in between the front seats and the center console.
Built-in cupholders began to be available in the 1980s. Minivans were pioneers in their availability, and they still offer the greatest number of them. Over time, automotive cupholders have become larger and more sophisticated, so that they can hold a variety of different cup sizes securely. Many offer spring-loaded holders that clasp the cup securely, no matter how large or small. The development of ever-larger cups by fast-food chains and convenience stores in the United States has proven a challenge to automotive designers; many fast-food chains now offer 44 fl.oz. (1.3 L) drinks. The automobile cup-holder has also driven the development of "car cups" designed to fit within most cars' cup holders; these have a narrower base but flare outward after a short cylindrical distance.
The installation of cup holders in automobiles increased significantly after Stella Liebeck v. McDonald's Corporation, where a 79-year-old woman in Albuquerque, New Mexico ordered hot coffee from a McDonald's restaurant. She then spilled the coffee on her lap and was seriously scalded. She subsequently sued McDonald's in a jury trial. Liebeck was awarded US$2.7 million in damages by the Jury, which was later reduced by the judge to US$640,000. The case was settled privately for an undisclosed sum.
Many people, particularly in the United States, consider the design, location and number of cup holders in a vehicle to be one of the most important attributes influencing their vehicle purchase. Others take the contrary view; that they are irrelevant, and encourage a dangerous practice which distracts drivers from their primary task. Cars designed primarily for the North American market have tended to have larger cupholders, while those for which the primary market is outside of North America tend to have smaller ones.
In Europe, cupholders in cars are not used as much as in the United States and are viewed with contempt by some motorists. However, as most cars are now built for a global market, including the United States, many cars in Europe do feature cupholders.
The bus/train cup holder
Cup holder installed on a bus.
Before the automobile cup holders, many buses and trains were built with wall-mounted cup holders. These cup holders are usually constructed by thin stainless steel plates. Some of them are covered by rubber.
See also
Bottle cage
References
^ Alton Brown on the TV show Feasting on Asphalt (episode 1), Food Network
External links
How U.S. car design came to include cup holders. - Henry Petrovski, Slate.com, 15 March 2004.
My cup runneth over - James May, The Daily Telegraph (UK), 19 June 2004.
Categories: Automotive accessories(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about port rubber fender, global market performance, . The Digital Photo Frame (HDF-010) products should be show more here!
Astral projection
I want to introduct something about Computer speaker. P.M.P.O: 3800W MOQ:1K RMS: 35W+10W×2 2030*4 Speaker Size: 6.5+3×2+1.5"*2 S/N: ≥75dB HDMI cable,midi cable,midi interface cable,hdmi to dvi cable,network cable,cat6 cable,lan cable,data cable,patch cable,tv cable,power cable,usbonline usb hdd enclosure,usb 2.0 hdd enclosure,usb 2.0 mobile hdd enclosure,hdd case,hdd box,external enclosure,hard disk case,usb hdd enclosure,hard disk enclosure,hdd box,hdd enclosure,1.8/2.5/3.5/5.25 inch hdd enclosure,usbonline mose,bluetooth optical mouse,optical mouse computer mouse,bluetooth wireless mouse,wireless optical mosue,wired mouse,usbonline 4 port usb hub,mini usb hub,4-port usb hub,7-port usb hub,usb hub 4port,4 ports usb hub,hub,usb2.0 hub,network device,computer peripheral,computer hub,card reader,usb cable,mouse pad,usb 2.0 4 port hub,usbonline photo frame,digital photo frame,digital picture frame,digital frame,mini digital photo frme,wooden photo frame,usbonline card reader,usb card reader,all in 1 card reader,usb 2.0 card
Artist's illustration of an astral projection.
Astral projection (or astral travel) refers to episodes of out-of-body experiences perceived as unfolding in environments other than the physical world, by an astral counterpart of the physical body that separates from it and travels to one or more astral planes. Astral projection is experienced as being "out of the body". Unlike dreaming or near death experiences, astral projection may be practiced deliberately.
Descriptions of such experiences are found in common worldwide religious accounts of the afterlife, with the soul's journey or "ascent" being described in such terms as "an...out-of-body experience" wherein the spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in his/her subtle body (or dreambody or astral body) into ther realms."
Although there is limited scientific evidence regarding the validity of astral projection, more typically reports of such experiences are subjective and anecdotal. The belief that one has had an out-of-body experience, whether spoken of as "astral projection" or not, is common. Hundreds of personal accounts of astral projection were published in a number of books through the 1960s and 70s. Surveys have reported percentages ranging from 8% (as much as 50% in certain groups of respondents) who state they have had such an experience. Because of the subjective nature of the experience, however, there are a number of materialist explanations that do not rely on the existence of an "astral" body and plane.
Contents
1 Beliefs
1.1 Astral projection
1.2 Etheric projection
2 Representations in Popular Culture
3 Modern practitioners
3.1 Robert Monroe
3.2 Oliver Fox
3.3 Sylvan Muldoon
4 Practices
5 References
6 Further reading
7 See also
8 External links
//
Beliefs
Planes of existence
Gross and subtle bodies
Theosophy(T)/Neo-Theosophy(nT)
Full list
1. Spiritual(T)/Divine plane(nT):
Deity Spirit(T/nT)/Word
2. Spiritual(T)/Oversoulful plane(nT):
Oversoul(nT)Holy Spirit/Word
3. Spiritual plane(T/nT):
Spirit/Word(T/nT), human Spirit(nT)
4. Spiritual/Causal plane(T), Soulful plane(nT):
human Spirit(T), Soul(T/nT)/Causal body(T)
5. (T), 5a. (nT) Mental/causal(T)/Higher mental(nT):
Mind/Causal body(T), Higher mind(nT)
5. (T), 5b-d. (nT) Mental(T)/Causal(nT):
Mind/Causal body(T/nT)
5. (T), 5e-g. (nT) Mental plane(T/nT):
body, projection/OBE
6. Astral(T/nT)-Ethereal plane(T):
Life/Ether(T)-Astral body(T/nT), projection/OBE
7. Material plane(T), 7a-d. Ethereal plane(nT):Material body(T), Etheric body, OBE (nT)7. (T), 7e-g. (nT) Material plane(T/nT):
Material body
Rosicrucian
The 7 Worlds & the 7 Cosmic PlanesThe Seven-fold constitution of ManThe Ten-fold constitution of Man
Thelema
Body of light | Thelemic mysticism
Surat Shabda Yoga
Cosmology
Sufism
Sufi cosmology
Hinduism
Talas/Lokas - Tattvas, Kosas, Upadhis
Buddhism
Buddhist cosmology
Kabbalah
Atziluth -> Beri'ah -> Yetzirah -> Assiah
Sephirot
Fourth Way
Ray of CreationThe LawsThree Centers and Five Centers
This box: view?talk?edit
Astral projection or travel denotes the astral body or double leaving the physical body to travel in the astral plane. According to classical, medieval, renaissance Neoplatonist, later Theosophist and Rosicrucian philosophy, the astral body is an intermediate body of light linking the rational soul to the physical body, and the astral plane is an intermediate world of light between Heaven and Earth composed of the spheres of the planets and stars. These astral spheres were held to be populated by gods, angels, demons and spirits.
The subtle bodies, and their associated planes of existence, form an essential part of the esoteric systems that deal with astral phenomena. In the neo-platonism of Plotinus, for example, the individual is a microcosm ("small world") of the universe (the macrocosm or "great world"). "The rational soul...is akin to the great Soul of the World" while "the material universe, like the body, is made as a faded image of the Intelligible". Each succeeding plane of manifestation is causal to the next, a world-view called emanationism; "from the One proceeds Intellect, from Intellect Soul, and from Soul - in its lower phase, or Nature - the material universe". Often these bodies and their corresponding planes of existence are depicted as a series of concentric circles or nested spheres, with a separate body traversing each realm.
Similar concepts of "soul" travel appear in various other religious traditions, for example ancient Egyptian teachings present the soul as having the ability to hover outside the physical body in the ka,...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about wholesale roller bearings, dvd optical head, . The Computer speaker products should be show more here!
Artist's illustration of an astral projection.
Astral projection (or astral travel) refers to episodes of out-of-body experiences perceived as unfolding in environments other than the physical world, by an astral counterpart of the physical body that separates from it and travels to one or more astral planes. Astral projection is experienced as being "out of the body". Unlike dreaming or near death experiences, astral projection may be practiced deliberately.
Descriptions of such experiences are found in common worldwide religious accounts of the afterlife, with the soul's journey or "ascent" being described in such terms as "an...out-of-body experience" wherein the spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in his/her subtle body (or dreambody or astral body) into ther realms."
Although there is limited scientific evidence regarding the validity of astral projection, more typically reports of such experiences are subjective and anecdotal. The belief that one has had an out-of-body experience, whether spoken of as "astral projection" or not, is common. Hundreds of personal accounts of astral projection were published in a number of books through the 1960s and 70s. Surveys have reported percentages ranging from 8% (as much as 50% in certain groups of respondents) who state they have had such an experience. Because of the subjective nature of the experience, however, there are a number of materialist explanations that do not rely on the existence of an "astral" body and plane.
Contents
1 Beliefs
1.1 Astral projection
1.2 Etheric projection
2 Representations in Popular Culture
3 Modern practitioners
3.1 Robert Monroe
3.2 Oliver Fox
3.3 Sylvan Muldoon
4 Practices
5 References
6 Further reading
7 See also
8 External links
//
Beliefs
Planes of existence
Gross and subtle bodies
Theosophy(T)/Neo-Theosophy(nT)
Full list
1. Spiritual(T)/Divine plane(nT):
Deity Spirit(T/nT)/Word
2. Spiritual(T)/Oversoulful plane(nT):
Oversoul(nT)Holy Spirit/Word
3. Spiritual plane(T/nT):
Spirit/Word(T/nT), human Spirit(nT)
4. Spiritual/Causal plane(T), Soulful plane(nT):
human Spirit(T), Soul(T/nT)/Causal body(T)
5. (T), 5a. (nT) Mental/causal(T)/Higher mental(nT):
Mind/Causal body(T), Higher mind(nT)
5. (T), 5b-d. (nT) Mental(T)/Causal(nT):
Mind/Causal body(T/nT)
5. (T), 5e-g. (nT) Mental plane(T/nT):
body, projection/OBE
6. Astral(T/nT)-Ethereal plane(T):
Life/Ether(T)-Astral body(T/nT), projection/OBE
7. Material plane(T), 7a-d. Ethereal plane(nT):Material body(T), Etheric body, OBE (nT)7. (T), 7e-g. (nT) Material plane(T/nT):
Material body
Rosicrucian
The 7 Worlds & the 7 Cosmic PlanesThe Seven-fold constitution of ManThe Ten-fold constitution of Man
Thelema
Body of light | Thelemic mysticism
Surat Shabda Yoga
Cosmology
Sufism
Sufi cosmology
Hinduism
Talas/Lokas - Tattvas, Kosas, Upadhis
Buddhism
Buddhist cosmology
Kabbalah
Atziluth -> Beri'ah -> Yetzirah -> Assiah
Sephirot
Fourth Way
Ray of CreationThe LawsThree Centers and Five Centers
This box: view?talk?edit
Astral projection or travel denotes the astral body or double leaving the physical body to travel in the astral plane. According to classical, medieval, renaissance Neoplatonist, later Theosophist and Rosicrucian philosophy, the astral body is an intermediate body of light linking the rational soul to the physical body, and the astral plane is an intermediate world of light between Heaven and Earth composed of the spheres of the planets and stars. These astral spheres were held to be populated by gods, angels, demons and spirits.
The subtle bodies, and their associated planes of existence, form an essential part of the esoteric systems that deal with astral phenomena. In the neo-platonism of Plotinus, for example, the individual is a microcosm ("small world") of the universe (the macrocosm or "great world"). "The rational soul...is akin to the great Soul of the World" while "the material universe, like the body, is made as a faded image of the Intelligible". Each succeeding plane of manifestation is causal to the next, a world-view called emanationism; "from the One proceeds Intellect, from Intellect Soul, and from Soul - in its lower phase, or Nature - the material universe". Often these bodies and their corresponding planes of existence are depicted as a series of concentric circles or nested spheres, with a separate body traversing each realm.
Similar concepts of "soul" travel appear in various other religious traditions, for example ancient Egyptian teachings present the soul as having the ability to hover outside the physical body in the ka,...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about wholesale roller bearings, dvd optical head, . The Computer speaker products should be show more here!
Talk:North Pole
I want to introduct something about .
WikiProject Maritime Trades
(Rated B-Class)
v?d?e
B
Mid
WikiProject Arctic
(Rated B-Class)
Arctic portal
v?d?e
B
Top
Contents
1 Very very cold!
2 Magnetic pole
3 Astronomical north pole
4 Santa Claus
5 Dip poles
6 Geographic North Pole
7 How long is the daylight
8 Our "North" Pole is actually the South Pole
9 question i've always wanted to ask
10 Various problems with the section "Defining the North Pole of Earth"?
11 Plaisted/Herbert confusion
12 Questions
13 Territorial claims to the North Pole and Arctic regions
14 Top Gear expedition
15 Fake flag image
16 No trained navigator?
17 Please discuss the impact of global warming
18 America owns the north pole?
19 2008 Sea Ice Minimum
20 Use of unexplained mathematical symbols
//
Very very cold!
polar land are always cold because the place is far away from the sun so there is not enofe sun hear. Santa does not live here!!!!!!!! receding unsigned comment added by 68.111.78.223 (talk) 01:20, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
Not sure if I'm doing this right, but: 'instantaneous pole' is used in this article without being defined or linked to; I would link to it myself, but no such article exists. (and thus I have no idea what it means.)
Where are the editors??? "The North Pole, is very, very cold. It is just a giant piece of ice on top of the world" is just too colloquial! Kemet 13 Dec 2005.
Fixed. You could have as well! (ESkog)(Talk) 03:05, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
I don't get this (unless there is some legerdemain involved, my compass points north, which is to the north of my current location--how can the pole to the north be a south pole?): Tokerboy
Magnetic pole
1. The north magnetic pole, being the magnetic pole of the Earth's magnetic field. It is so named due to its proximity to the geographic pole, but is in fact a south magnetic pole. (Either that, or every magnet is mislabelled. Magnetic opposites attract, and your magnet "N" points North!)
I saw on a Newton's Apple episode many years ago that what is called the north magnetic pole is in fact the south pole of the earth's magnetic field. This fact was later confirmed by one of my geology professors but I haven't been able to find a printed confirmation from a reputable source. A figure in one of my geology textbooks does show the lines of force for the earth's magnetic field go into the north magnetic pole as if it were actually the south pole of a magnet though. --mav
It was noticed that one end of bar magnets pointed northward long before the reason for this was understood. By convention, the end of the magnet that pointed toward the north was called the "north seeking pole", and over time this is shortened to "north pole". The north-seeking pole of the magnet is being attracted to the south-seeking pole of the earth (opposites poles attract) - which happens to be in the geographic north. Confusing, but there it is. And to make it worse, some magnets are labeled wrong.... -- Someone else 07:23 Dec 30, 2002 (UTC)
I'm quite upset that the article for Magnetic North Pole redirects to North Pole, while it lies close to the South Pole. The article are therefore flawed, and should be fixed. Funny, but upsetting, that the paragraph about Magnetic North Pole actually says it's the Magnetic South Pole. It's like having an article about the U.S., while describing Russia, and actually saying it's it describing Russia, but then what the hell it this description doing in an article about the US? The Magnetic North Pole is on the Southern Hemishere, all geology professors know this, it shouldn't be hard to find references for it.
http://physics.csustan.edu/EnergyAndMatter/Ian/Magnetism/Compass.htm http://www.eskimo.com/%7Ebillb/miscon/miscon4.html#north
he preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.118.137.132 (talk) 23:37, 11 December 2006 (UTC).
Hm. Interesting. I just hope a magnetic pole shift happens soon to sort this all out. We are a couple hundred thousand years overdue. Just make sure you have plenty of sunscreen since the magnetosphere may not be able to protect us very well for some time afterward (but there is no evidence in the geologic record to suggest that mass extinctions occur during the transitions). --mav
I hope it's not as anticlimactic as the millenium...I'll have to order up some fireworks and some Biere de Miele to make the wait worthwhile....:) --SE
It won't sort it out. The current situation is relatively simple. If the Earth's magnetic poles reverse, people will relabel their compasses so that they still point to geographic north. The confusion will be at least an order of magnitude larger:-)
Can someone please explain what the...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about RTV Silicone Sealant, Baby Diaper Line, . The products should be show more here!
WikiProject Maritime Trades
(Rated B-Class)
v?d?e
B
Mid
WikiProject Arctic
(Rated B-Class)
Arctic portal
v?d?e
B
Top
Contents
1 Very very cold!
2 Magnetic pole
3 Astronomical north pole
4 Santa Claus
5 Dip poles
6 Geographic North Pole
7 How long is the daylight
8 Our "North" Pole is actually the South Pole
9 question i've always wanted to ask
10 Various problems with the section "Defining the North Pole of Earth"?
11 Plaisted/Herbert confusion
12 Questions
13 Territorial claims to the North Pole and Arctic regions
14 Top Gear expedition
15 Fake flag image
16 No trained navigator?
17 Please discuss the impact of global warming
18 America owns the north pole?
19 2008 Sea Ice Minimum
20 Use of unexplained mathematical symbols
//
Very very cold!
polar land are always cold because the place is far away from the sun so there is not enofe sun hear. Santa does not live here!!!!!!!! receding unsigned comment added by 68.111.78.223 (talk) 01:20, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
Not sure if I'm doing this right, but: 'instantaneous pole' is used in this article without being defined or linked to; I would link to it myself, but no such article exists. (and thus I have no idea what it means.)
Where are the editors??? "The North Pole, is very, very cold. It is just a giant piece of ice on top of the world" is just too colloquial! Kemet 13 Dec 2005.
Fixed. You could have as well! (ESkog)(Talk) 03:05, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
I don't get this (unless there is some legerdemain involved, my compass points north, which is to the north of my current location--how can the pole to the north be a south pole?): Tokerboy
Magnetic pole
1. The north magnetic pole, being the magnetic pole of the Earth's magnetic field. It is so named due to its proximity to the geographic pole, but is in fact a south magnetic pole. (Either that, or every magnet is mislabelled. Magnetic opposites attract, and your magnet "N" points North!)
I saw on a Newton's Apple episode many years ago that what is called the north magnetic pole is in fact the south pole of the earth's magnetic field. This fact was later confirmed by one of my geology professors but I haven't been able to find a printed confirmation from a reputable source. A figure in one of my geology textbooks does show the lines of force for the earth's magnetic field go into the north magnetic pole as if it were actually the south pole of a magnet though. --mav
It was noticed that one end of bar magnets pointed northward long before the reason for this was understood. By convention, the end of the magnet that pointed toward the north was called the "north seeking pole", and over time this is shortened to "north pole". The north-seeking pole of the magnet is being attracted to the south-seeking pole of the earth (opposites poles attract) - which happens to be in the geographic north. Confusing, but there it is. And to make it worse, some magnets are labeled wrong.... -- Someone else 07:23 Dec 30, 2002 (UTC)
I'm quite upset that the article for Magnetic North Pole redirects to North Pole, while it lies close to the South Pole. The article are therefore flawed, and should be fixed. Funny, but upsetting, that the paragraph about Magnetic North Pole actually says it's the Magnetic South Pole. It's like having an article about the U.S., while describing Russia, and actually saying it's it describing Russia, but then what the hell it this description doing in an article about the US? The Magnetic North Pole is on the Southern Hemishere, all geology professors know this, it shouldn't be hard to find references for it.
http://physics.csustan.edu/EnergyAndMatter/Ian/Magnetism/Compass.htm http://www.eskimo.com/%7Ebillb/miscon/miscon4.html#north
he preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.118.137.132 (talk) 23:37, 11 December 2006 (UTC).
Hm. Interesting. I just hope a magnetic pole shift happens soon to sort this all out. We are a couple hundred thousand years overdue. Just make sure you have plenty of sunscreen since the magnetosphere may not be able to protect us very well for some time afterward (but there is no evidence in the geologic record to suggest that mass extinctions occur during the transitions). --mav
I hope it's not as anticlimactic as the millenium...I'll have to order up some fireworks and some Biere de Miele to make the wait worthwhile....:) --SE
It won't sort it out. The current situation is relatively simple. If the Earth's magnetic poles reverse, people will relabel their compasses so that they still point to geographic north. The confusion will be at least an order of magnitude larger:-)
Can someone please explain what the...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about RTV Silicone Sealant, Baby Diaper Line, . The products should be show more here!
Vehicle recovery
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The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.
Vehicle recovery is the recovery of any vehicle to another place, generally speaking with a commercial vehicle known as a recovery or tow truck.
Recovery can take the form of general recovery, normally of broken down vehicles, or a Statutory Recovery at the request of the police using police powers conferred by Parliament using an Act.
Contents
1 General recovery
2 History
2.1 A brief history of the industry in the UK
2.2 A brief history of the industry in the USA
3 Recovery equipment
3.1 Soft Tow
3.2 Ridged (or Bar) Tow
3.3 Lift Tow (Suspend Tow Crane)
3.4 Lift Tow (Underlift)
3.5 Transportation (Total Lift)
3.6 Variations of the above
3.7 Other equipment
4 Communications
5 Bibliography
6 External links
//
General recovery
There are many types of organisations that carry out the recovery of disabled vehicles; however, they can be divided into two distinct areas: Recovery Operators (who undertake the recovery) and Motoring Organisations.
Motoring organisationsr as they are often known, 'The Clubs're organisations to which the vehicle's driver will belong. They may have made a conscious effort to do this, or they may have got the membership with their new vehicle, through a company scheme, or purchased with an insurance policy.
In the event that a member of the public does not have a "club" membership, the police or Highways Agency can arrange recovery of the vehicle at what is called an "Owner's Request" and they will arrange for help to attend.
Recovery operators are the people who undertake the recovery. They are known by different names around the world, including 'patrols,' 'tow men' and 'wrecker drivers'. Some are the people used by the motoring organisations to rescue their members. A small percentage will be on the payroll of the motoring organisation and will work exclusively for them. Examples are the patrols used by the AA, RAC and Mondial in the UK. Most recovery operators, however, work for privately owned companies or are individuals. They can do large volumes of work for some of the motoring organisations, but they will normally also do work for the public. In Europe, the percentage of this 'private' work is low due to the high profiles of the motoring organisations. Of course some will never do work for the motoring organisations, preferring to work just for their own customers. In the USA, motoring organisations are still growing.
Although there have always been auto repair shops and garages who towed or recovered any vehicles, it is only really in the last fifty years that vehicle recovery has become an industry distinct from the auto repair trade. Many are still involved in workshop repairs, but an increasing number, if they cannot repair the vehicle by the roadside, will transport it to another repairer. Although there are some large organisations operating hundreds of recovery vehicles, most are family businesses operating typically between 10 to 50 vehicles. Lastly there are operators like Highway Authorities and other government bodies, operators of local recovery schemes (contra flows, etc.) and large fleet operators who recover their own vehicles.
History
Motor vehicles have been breaking down ever since they were invented and if a repair was not possible, then a recovery or tow was usually required. In early days, this was often achieved by attaching a horse to the casualty and pulling it home. Many of the first automobile repair shops had been bicycle repairers or blacksmiths, and they quickly adapted to recovering their customers' disabled vehicles. To do this specialised recovery vehicles were often built. As automobiles have grown more sophisticated, it has become much harder for the average vehicle owner to diagnose a fault, much less repair it. Fortunately, around the world a huge and specialised vehicle recovery industry has been created to serve and support them.
Motoring organisations or clubs have been created to sell breakdown coverage to automobile drivers, nowhere more so than in Europe. Automobile manufacturers will often purchase bulk membership from the motoring organisations, to give away with new vehicle sales. These are usually 'badged' with the manufacturer's name. A large number of these motoring organisations do not operate recovery vehicles of their own, but instead use independent recovery operators as agents. Those clubs that have their own vehicles often also use independent agents to assist with specialist work, or when their own resources are stretched. Police forces also use independent recovery operators to move vehicles, for example after a car...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about silicone softener emulsion, external ide enclosure, . The Hot Dipped Galvanized Slit Coils products should be show more here!
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.
Vehicle recovery is the recovery of any vehicle to another place, generally speaking with a commercial vehicle known as a recovery or tow truck.
Recovery can take the form of general recovery, normally of broken down vehicles, or a Statutory Recovery at the request of the police using police powers conferred by Parliament using an Act.
Contents
1 General recovery
2 History
2.1 A brief history of the industry in the UK
2.2 A brief history of the industry in the USA
3 Recovery equipment
3.1 Soft Tow
3.2 Ridged (or Bar) Tow
3.3 Lift Tow (Suspend Tow Crane)
3.4 Lift Tow (Underlift)
3.5 Transportation (Total Lift)
3.6 Variations of the above
3.7 Other equipment
4 Communications
5 Bibliography
6 External links
//
General recovery
There are many types of organisations that carry out the recovery of disabled vehicles; however, they can be divided into two distinct areas: Recovery Operators (who undertake the recovery) and Motoring Organisations.
Motoring organisationsr as they are often known, 'The Clubs're organisations to which the vehicle's driver will belong. They may have made a conscious effort to do this, or they may have got the membership with their new vehicle, through a company scheme, or purchased with an insurance policy.
In the event that a member of the public does not have a "club" membership, the police or Highways Agency can arrange recovery of the vehicle at what is called an "Owner's Request" and they will arrange for help to attend.
Recovery operators are the people who undertake the recovery. They are known by different names around the world, including 'patrols,' 'tow men' and 'wrecker drivers'. Some are the people used by the motoring organisations to rescue their members. A small percentage will be on the payroll of the motoring organisation and will work exclusively for them. Examples are the patrols used by the AA, RAC and Mondial in the UK. Most recovery operators, however, work for privately owned companies or are individuals. They can do large volumes of work for some of the motoring organisations, but they will normally also do work for the public. In Europe, the percentage of this 'private' work is low due to the high profiles of the motoring organisations. Of course some will never do work for the motoring organisations, preferring to work just for their own customers. In the USA, motoring organisations are still growing.
Although there have always been auto repair shops and garages who towed or recovered any vehicles, it is only really in the last fifty years that vehicle recovery has become an industry distinct from the auto repair trade. Many are still involved in workshop repairs, but an increasing number, if they cannot repair the vehicle by the roadside, will transport it to another repairer. Although there are some large organisations operating hundreds of recovery vehicles, most are family businesses operating typically between 10 to 50 vehicles. Lastly there are operators like Highway Authorities and other government bodies, operators of local recovery schemes (contra flows, etc.) and large fleet operators who recover their own vehicles.
History
Motor vehicles have been breaking down ever since they were invented and if a repair was not possible, then a recovery or tow was usually required. In early days, this was often achieved by attaching a horse to the casualty and pulling it home. Many of the first automobile repair shops had been bicycle repairers or blacksmiths, and they quickly adapted to recovering their customers' disabled vehicles. To do this specialised recovery vehicles were often built. As automobiles have grown more sophisticated, it has become much harder for the average vehicle owner to diagnose a fault, much less repair it. Fortunately, around the world a huge and specialised vehicle recovery industry has been created to serve and support them.
Motoring organisations or clubs have been created to sell breakdown coverage to automobile drivers, nowhere more so than in Europe. Automobile manufacturers will often purchase bulk membership from the motoring organisations, to give away with new vehicle sales. These are usually 'badged' with the manufacturer's name. A large number of these motoring organisations do not operate recovery vehicles of their own, but instead use independent recovery operators as agents. Those clubs that have their own vehicles often also use independent agents to assist with specialist work, or when their own resources are stretched. Police forces also use independent recovery operators to move vehicles, for example after a car...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about silicone softener emulsion, external ide enclosure, . The Hot Dipped Galvanized Slit Coils products should be show more here!
Wing Enterprises
I want to introduct something about Sino-NSH Lubrication oil purifier plant oil purification plant. Sino-NSH Lubrication oil purifier plant oil purification plant LV series oil purifier are suitable especially for purifying and restoring hydraulic oil, machine oil, coolant oil and various other lubrication oil. The most breakdown of machinery which has lubrication oil system results from contaminated lubrication in which has water, gas, impurities etc.Sino-NSH Lubrication oil purifier plant oil purification plant LV series can rapidly remove water, gas, particulate matters and impurities from lubrication oil and improve properties of lubricating oil so as to greatly extend lifetime of machinery which has lubrication system. We offer kinds of waste oil regeneration equipment such as transfomer oil recycling system, lubricating oil purification plant,turbine oil filtration plant, fuel oil purifier,engine oil reclamation and so on. SINO-NSH transformer oil purifier plant SINO-NSH lubricating oil purification plant SINO-NSH turbine oil recycling plant SINO-NSH engine oil
(Redirected from Little Giant Ladder System)
Wing Enterprises
Type
Private
Founded
1970s
Headquarters
Springville, Utah
Key people
Harold R. Wing, Chairman of the Board & Founder
H. Arthur Wing, PresidentRyan Moss, CEO
Industry
Industrial Goods
Employees
800
Website
www.littlegiantladders.com
Wing Enterprises is a Springville, Utah company, and the largest manufacturer of American-made ladders. The company produces the Little Giant Ladder System, a convertible aluminum ladder system. The founder of Wing Enterprises, Harold Ray Wing (aka Hal Wing), came across a prototype of the ladder in Germany in the 1970s. He patented the design in the United States and began manufacturing the ladder in his home and selling it at trade shows.
Contents
1 Features
2 Models
2.1 Little Giants
2.1.1 Type I
2.1.2 Type IA
2.1.3 Type IAA
2.1.4 Ultra Step
2.2 Industrial Little Giants
2.2.1 SkyScraper
2.2.2 Little Giant Fiberglass
2.3 Little Jumbo
2.3.1 Safety Step
3 References
4 External links
//
Features
The ladder itself is capable of being converted into several heights and configurations from a single ladder. Configurations include a straight or extension ladder, an A-frame ladder, a staircase ladder (an uneven A-frame for use on stairs), a 90 ladder, and both sides of a scaffolding trestle achieved through a triple locking hinge. Each of the ladder positions has three heights in one ladder. The ladder can achieve as many as 24 position/height permutations. The ladder folds to a smaller size for storage. The ladder also has "tip-n-glide" wheels to facilitate movement and positioning.
The Ladder features flared legs for increased stability. Locking, telescoping side rails allow the various height configurations. Trapezoidal rungs create a stable standing surface. They are attached using "double zig-zag" welds.
Models
Little Giants
Type I
Industrial heavy duty 250lbs rated
Available in Model 17 and Model 22
Type IA
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Available in Model 13, Model 17, Model 22 and Model 26
Type IAA
Industrial special duty 375lbs rated
Available in Model 13, Model 17 and Model 22
Ultra Step
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Available in both aluminum and fiberglass versions
Adjustable from 5 to 8 feet as a single sided stepladder
Can be used in the parallel (or 90 degree) position against a wall
Industrial Little Giants
SkyScraper
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Available in Model 15 (adjustable 8 to 15 feet), Model 17 (adjustable 9 to 17 feet), and Model 21 (adjustable 11 to 21 feet)
Little Giant Fiberglass
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Made from a special high-quality non-conductive resin
Available in Model 17 and Model 22
Little Jumbo
Safety Step
Available in two-step, three-step and four-step models
Made from rugged, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy
Collapse to 5-inch storage depth
References
^ Les Christie (February 15, 2006). "Little giant ladders stretch out". CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/2005/07/11/smbusiness/little_giant/index.htm.
"Tube time"
"Eureka! Now What?"
External links
Little Giant Ladder Official Site
Little Giant Ladder Video Review
About Wing Industries
Little Giant Ladder UK Official Site
Categories: Safety equipment(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about lower price bracket, gmc diesel truck, . The Sino-NSH Lubrication oil purifier plant oil purification plant products should be show more here!
(Redirected from Little Giant Ladder System)
Wing Enterprises
Type
Private
Founded
1970s
Headquarters
Springville, Utah
Key people
Harold R. Wing, Chairman of the Board & Founder
H. Arthur Wing, PresidentRyan Moss, CEO
Industry
Industrial Goods
Employees
800
Website
www.littlegiantladders.com
Wing Enterprises is a Springville, Utah company, and the largest manufacturer of American-made ladders. The company produces the Little Giant Ladder System, a convertible aluminum ladder system. The founder of Wing Enterprises, Harold Ray Wing (aka Hal Wing), came across a prototype of the ladder in Germany in the 1970s. He patented the design in the United States and began manufacturing the ladder in his home and selling it at trade shows.
Contents
1 Features
2 Models
2.1 Little Giants
2.1.1 Type I
2.1.2 Type IA
2.1.3 Type IAA
2.1.4 Ultra Step
2.2 Industrial Little Giants
2.2.1 SkyScraper
2.2.2 Little Giant Fiberglass
2.3 Little Jumbo
2.3.1 Safety Step
3 References
4 External links
//
Features
The ladder itself is capable of being converted into several heights and configurations from a single ladder. Configurations include a straight or extension ladder, an A-frame ladder, a staircase ladder (an uneven A-frame for use on stairs), a 90 ladder, and both sides of a scaffolding trestle achieved through a triple locking hinge. Each of the ladder positions has three heights in one ladder. The ladder can achieve as many as 24 position/height permutations. The ladder folds to a smaller size for storage. The ladder also has "tip-n-glide" wheels to facilitate movement and positioning.
The Ladder features flared legs for increased stability. Locking, telescoping side rails allow the various height configurations. Trapezoidal rungs create a stable standing surface. They are attached using "double zig-zag" welds.
Models
Little Giants
Type I
Industrial heavy duty 250lbs rated
Available in Model 17 and Model 22
Type IA
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Available in Model 13, Model 17, Model 22 and Model 26
Type IAA
Industrial special duty 375lbs rated
Available in Model 13, Model 17 and Model 22
Ultra Step
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Available in both aluminum and fiberglass versions
Adjustable from 5 to 8 feet as a single sided stepladder
Can be used in the parallel (or 90 degree) position against a wall
Industrial Little Giants
SkyScraper
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Available in Model 15 (adjustable 8 to 15 feet), Model 17 (adjustable 9 to 17 feet), and Model 21 (adjustable 11 to 21 feet)
Little Giant Fiberglass
Industrial extra heavy duty 300lbs rated
Made from a special high-quality non-conductive resin
Available in Model 17 and Model 22
Little Jumbo
Safety Step
Available in two-step, three-step and four-step models
Made from rugged, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy
Collapse to 5-inch storage depth
References
^ Les Christie (February 15, 2006). "Little giant ladders stretch out". CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/2005/07/11/smbusiness/little_giant/index.htm.
"Tube time"
"Eureka! Now What?"
External links
Little Giant Ladder Official Site
Little Giant Ladder Video Review
About Wing Industries
Little Giant Ladder UK Official Site
Categories: Safety equipment(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about lower price bracket, gmc diesel truck, . The Sino-NSH Lubrication oil purifier plant oil purification plant products should be show more here!
Garbage disposal
I want to introduct something about Art Basin (MY-5103). Product Name: Art Basin Item NO.: MY-5103 Place of Origin: China Material: Vitreous china Features: 1) External dimensions: 410x 410x 120mm 2) Glaze available: Sanitary glaze 3) Exhaust pipe: Fully glazed inner part 4) Certificate: ISO 9001: 2000 5) Packing: Carton 6) CBM: 0.023 7) Weight: 7.5 KGS 8) Q, TY/HQ: 3040 Pcs More Product Features ?
A garbage disposal, food waste disposer, waste disposal unit, or garburator / garbarator (Canada) is a device, usually electrically-powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough (generally less than 2mm) to pass through plumbing.
Contents
1 Nomenclature
2 Geographical extent
3 The rationale for garbage disposals
4 Disadvantages
5 History
6 Operation
7 Selection
8 Environmental impact
9 Cultural references
10 External links
10.1 References
//
Nomenclature
In other languages, these units may be called
kitchen pig (Hungarian)
kitchen trash chopper (German from Khenabfallzerkleinerer)
Geographical extent
Garbage disposal units are widely used in North American households, but far less commonly used in Australasia and Europe. In nations with ready access to water and an industrial base, these devices are generally permitted.
In Sweden, some municipalities encourage the installation of disposers so as to increase the production of biogas. Some local authorities in Britain subsidise the purchase of garbage disposal units in order to reduce the amount of waste going to landfill.
In Germany[citation needed] and Switzerland, installation of garbage disposals is prohibited by national law.
The rationale for garbage disposals
Food scraps range from 10% to 20% of household waste, and are a problematic component of municipal waste, creating public health, sanitation and environmental problems at each step, beginning with internal storage and truck-based collection. Burned in waste-to-energy facilities, the high water-content of food scraps does not generate energy; buried in landfills, food scraps decompose and generate methane gas, which is highly potent as a contributor to global warming (21 times more potent than carbon dioxide.)
The premise behind the proper use of a disposal is to effectively regard food scraps as liquid (averaging 70% water, like human waste), and utilize existing infrastructure (underground sewers and wastewater treatment plants) for its management. Modern wastewater plants are effective at processing organic solids into fertilizer products (known as biosolids), with advanced facilities also capturing methane for energy production.
Disadvantages
Some say that[weaselwords] sewage treatment plants cannot cope with the extra load of kitchen waste disposal units. The load of organic carbon that reaches the treatment plant increases and consumption of oxygen increases[citation needed]. The result is larger amounts of solids. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic carbon in food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running. Carbon may be deficient in that process. If no waste water treatment is performed the extra load of pollutants is detrimental to the environment. Also, other chemicals in the waste are problematic.
One survey of these food processing units found a slight increase in household water use.
Many standard disposal units allow a dishwasher to be connected, and some more expensive dishwashers are equipped with a small built-in garbage disposal units, making it unnecessary to scrape plates before washing them.
History
An installed garbage disposal with air switch.(the clear tube conveys the air that activates the switch.)
The garbage disposal was invented in 1927 by John W. Hammes. He was an architect working in Racine, Wisconsin. After eleven years of development, his InSinkErator company put his disposer on the market in 1938.
In many cities in the United States in the 1930's and the 1940's the municipal sewage system had regulations prohibiting running food waste (garbage) into the system. InSinkErator spent considerable effort, and was highly successful in convincing many localities to rescind these prohibitions. Many localities mandated the use of disposers. For many years, garbage disposals were illegal in New York City because of a perceived threat of damage to the city's sewer system. After a 21-month study with the NYC Department of Environmental Protection, the ban was rescinded on September 11, 1997 by local law 1997/071 which amended section 24-518.1, NYC Administrative code. In 2008, the city of Raleigh, North Carolina attempted a ban on the replacement and installation of garbage disposals which also extended to outlying towns sharing the city's municipal sewage system, but rescinded the ban one month later.
Garbage disposal units became popular in American kitchens of the better-off in the 1970s and 1980s. In the U.S. 47% of homes had disposal units as of 2007, but in the United Kingdom this was only 6%.
Operation
The parts of a garbage disposal.
A high-torque, insulated electric motor, usually...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about electric home saunas, foam soap dispenser, . The Art Basin (MY-5103) products should be show more here!
A garbage disposal, food waste disposer, waste disposal unit, or garburator / garbarator (Canada) is a device, usually electrically-powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough (generally less than 2mm) to pass through plumbing.
Contents
1 Nomenclature
2 Geographical extent
3 The rationale for garbage disposals
4 Disadvantages
5 History
6 Operation
7 Selection
8 Environmental impact
9 Cultural references
10 External links
10.1 References
//
Nomenclature
In other languages, these units may be called
kitchen pig (Hungarian)
kitchen trash chopper (German from Khenabfallzerkleinerer)
Geographical extent
Garbage disposal units are widely used in North American households, but far less commonly used in Australasia and Europe. In nations with ready access to water and an industrial base, these devices are generally permitted.
In Sweden, some municipalities encourage the installation of disposers so as to increase the production of biogas. Some local authorities in Britain subsidise the purchase of garbage disposal units in order to reduce the amount of waste going to landfill.
In Germany[citation needed] and Switzerland, installation of garbage disposals is prohibited by national law.
The rationale for garbage disposals
Food scraps range from 10% to 20% of household waste, and are a problematic component of municipal waste, creating public health, sanitation and environmental problems at each step, beginning with internal storage and truck-based collection. Burned in waste-to-energy facilities, the high water-content of food scraps does not generate energy; buried in landfills, food scraps decompose and generate methane gas, which is highly potent as a contributor to global warming (21 times more potent than carbon dioxide.)
The premise behind the proper use of a disposal is to effectively regard food scraps as liquid (averaging 70% water, like human waste), and utilize existing infrastructure (underground sewers and wastewater treatment plants) for its management. Modern wastewater plants are effective at processing organic solids into fertilizer products (known as biosolids), with advanced facilities also capturing methane for energy production.
Disadvantages
Some say that[weaselwords] sewage treatment plants cannot cope with the extra load of kitchen waste disposal units. The load of organic carbon that reaches the treatment plant increases and consumption of oxygen increases[citation needed]. The result is larger amounts of solids. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic carbon in food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running. Carbon may be deficient in that process. If no waste water treatment is performed the extra load of pollutants is detrimental to the environment. Also, other chemicals in the waste are problematic.
One survey of these food processing units found a slight increase in household water use.
Many standard disposal units allow a dishwasher to be connected, and some more expensive dishwashers are equipped with a small built-in garbage disposal units, making it unnecessary to scrape plates before washing them.
History
An installed garbage disposal with air switch.(the clear tube conveys the air that activates the switch.)
The garbage disposal was invented in 1927 by John W. Hammes. He was an architect working in Racine, Wisconsin. After eleven years of development, his InSinkErator company put his disposer on the market in 1938.
In many cities in the United States in the 1930's and the 1940's the municipal sewage system had regulations prohibiting running food waste (garbage) into the system. InSinkErator spent considerable effort, and was highly successful in convincing many localities to rescind these prohibitions. Many localities mandated the use of disposers. For many years, garbage disposals were illegal in New York City because of a perceived threat of damage to the city's sewer system. After a 21-month study with the NYC Department of Environmental Protection, the ban was rescinded on September 11, 1997 by local law 1997/071 which amended section 24-518.1, NYC Administrative code. In 2008, the city of Raleigh, North Carolina attempted a ban on the replacement and installation of garbage disposals which also extended to outlying towns sharing the city's municipal sewage system, but rescinded the ban one month later.
Garbage disposal units became popular in American kitchens of the better-off in the 1970s and 1980s. In the U.S. 47% of homes had disposal units as of 2007, but in the United Kingdom this was only 6%.
Operation
The parts of a garbage disposal.
A high-torque, insulated electric motor, usually...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about electric home saunas, foam soap dispenser, . The Art Basin (MY-5103) products should be show more here!
Needle roller bearing
I want to introduct something about Drop In Anchor, Wedge Anchor, Sleeve Anchor, Chemical Anchor. Yuyao goodwin hardware Co.,ltd (china) is a manufacturing factory and exporter specializing in all kinds of mechanical anchoring and nylon anchors. We have sell our products to Germany. England. France. Italy. Spain, Netherland. Greece and USA. Etc. Our Strong item: Wedge anchor Drop in anchor Sleeve anchor Metal frame anchor Ceiling anchor Hollow wall anchor Nylon hammer anchor We welcome customer visit our factory and inquire us.
A needle roller bearing
A needle roller bearing is a bearing which uses small cylindrical rollers. They are used to reduce friction of a rotating surface.
Needle bearing have a large surface area that is in contact with the bearing outer surfaces compared to ball bearings. Additionally there is less added clearance (difference between the diameter of the shaft and the diameter of the bearing) so they are much more compact. The typical structure consists of an inner race (or sometimes merely a shaft), a needle cage which orients and contains the needle rollers, the needle rollers themselves, and an outer race.
Radial needle bearings are cylindrical and use rollers parallel to the axis of the shaft. Thrust needle bearings are flat and use a radial pattern of needles. Headsets use a crooked pattern, so they are able to absorb both parallel and thrust power impacts.
Needle bearings are heavily used in engine components such as rocker arm pivots, pumps, compressors, and transmissions. The drive shaft of a rear-wheel drive vehicle typically has at least 8 needle bearings (4 in each U joint) and often more if it is particularly long, or operates on steep slopes.
Additional clarification of Needle Roller; According to "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers", a Needle Bearing is a roller bearing with rollers whose length are at least four times their diameter.
See also
Race (bearing)
Schaeffler Group
SKF Group
Timken Company and former Torrington Company
External links
http://www.bearings.machinedesign.com/guiEdits/Content/BDE_6_4/bdemech_a02.aspx
Categories: Bearings | Mechanical engineering stubs(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about 532 hex nut, hex hand bolt, . The Drop In Anchor, Wedge Anchor, Sleeve Anchor, Chemical Anchor products should be show more here!
A needle roller bearing
A needle roller bearing is a bearing which uses small cylindrical rollers. They are used to reduce friction of a rotating surface.
Needle bearing have a large surface area that is in contact with the bearing outer surfaces compared to ball bearings. Additionally there is less added clearance (difference between the diameter of the shaft and the diameter of the bearing) so they are much more compact. The typical structure consists of an inner race (or sometimes merely a shaft), a needle cage which orients and contains the needle rollers, the needle rollers themselves, and an outer race.
Radial needle bearings are cylindrical and use rollers parallel to the axis of the shaft. Thrust needle bearings are flat and use a radial pattern of needles. Headsets use a crooked pattern, so they are able to absorb both parallel and thrust power impacts.
Needle bearings are heavily used in engine components such as rocker arm pivots, pumps, compressors, and transmissions. The drive shaft of a rear-wheel drive vehicle typically has at least 8 needle bearings (4 in each U joint) and often more if it is particularly long, or operates on steep slopes.
Additional clarification of Needle Roller; According to "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers", a Needle Bearing is a roller bearing with rollers whose length are at least four times their diameter.
See also
Race (bearing)
Schaeffler Group
SKF Group
Timken Company and former Torrington Company
External links
http://www.bearings.machinedesign.com/guiEdits/Content/BDE_6_4/bdemech_a02.aspx
Categories: Bearings | Mechanical engineering stubs(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about 532 hex nut, hex hand bolt, . The Drop In Anchor, Wedge Anchor, Sleeve Anchor, Chemical Anchor products should be show more here!
Fleet management system
I want to introduct something about .
Fleet Management System (FMS) pertains to managing a fleet. Most of the transport companies and logistics would be the target audience who are in need of an FMS. There are various definitions of FMS which can be found over the internet. The most common is to manage a fleet of vehicles which including the driver management, trip sheets, trouble tickets and most importantly the financials. Most people confuse with GPS tracking solutions to be fleet management. GPS tracking only tenders to 5% of Managing fleets. In actual sense, FMS has to take care of
Daily work reports of trips
24x7 surveillance over the fleet
Human resource management which includes employee records, payrolls, leaves, etc.
Financials which include client payments, tickets, invoices
Assign tasks to vehicles and drivers
Maintain trip sheets
Monitor day-to-day activities
Manage clients and their dealings
Manage inventory
vehicle management including repairs, servicing details
Know status of vehicle or driver at any point of time
Time-to-time alerts in case of exceptions
Running analysis of vehicles
History of vehicles and drivers
Multiple vehicle tracking and many more
In recent times people have started coming across a spectacular concept called GPS tracking with the help of which the security and safety have tremendously increased. A GPS tracking solution combined with a Fleet Management Application is a deadly combo. but it is rare to come across providers who do both.
There is a huge need for a tracking system in the present day because of the increasing thefts of vehicles, and the concerns of the transport companies. It is a well-known fact that the drivers are pilfering fuel from petrol or diesel tanks or do not arrive on time when needed. Well, now all this can be put to an end with this solution. You can continuously monitor you driver if he is idling his time away probably in a road-side dhaba faking he is on duty. Then there are drivers who would say that the car is taking up more fuel and are probably making a living out of pilfering the fuel in the vehicle. Next time don worry if your vehicle is lost if you have our vehicle tracking system. Now with our vehicle tracking system the owner can continuously track their vehicles and know the exact location of the vehicle. But it is not just the owners of transport companies who would benefit from these solutions. If you are a parent and you are worried to send your toddler to school with the driver or your teenager is always on the go, then GPS tracking is what you need. School buses, corporate pick-up and drop facilities or call-cab services everywhere insecurity is on the rise. You might probably not trust your driver. The concerns may vary, but the solution is the same. You can virtually mark boundaries or points on the map which will be highlighted. If the vehicle comes to a particular marked area or leaves the boundary the system will give you an alert. This is called virtual fencing.
The device is preconfigured with a mobile number who might probably be the owner. If you have a family member who drives a lot, in case of any emergency like an accident you can be immediately informed about the emergency. The device that is fixed in the vehicle will send an alert to a mobile phone number with a message stating the emergency. Also the owner can call the device and talk to the driver as he does on his mobile phone. Hence there is a need to make use of the technology we have in place and eliminate the possibilities of danger.
GPS/GSM tracking system is a modern age technology which can be told of as a step further in wireless communications. Till now we all are aware of mobiles and cell phones which are the highest used means of wireless communications. But there also exists a system which can give you an exact location of a person at any point of time based on the earth latitude and longitude co-ordinates. This location of the person can be viewed either through the internet or on a GPS enabled mobile phone.
Along with tracking and tracing the location of the vehicle we can do a lot more with this system. The speed at which the vehicle is travelling or has travelled in the past can be known. The distance travelled by a car or bus in a particular day is also given by the system. At any particular time, if the car is stopped the computer will display that the car has stopped or is in running. The location of the car can also be viewed through a mobile phone. If a person mobile is GPS enabled he can view the location of his vehicle through his mobile. That is not it. If a person wants to go back in time and check where actually his vehicle has travelled probably a month back it might be an ordeal for him to recollect. But online we can obtain all the information just by selecting the date for which he needs the information.
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Sublimation (chemistry)
I want to introduct something about Vending Machine with Washing Bottle Function. 
For other uses, see Sublimation.
Dark green crystals of nickelocene, freshly sublimed on a cold finger.
Camphor being sublimed. Note the white purified camphor on the cold finger, and the dark-brown crude product.
Sublimation of an element or compound is a transition from the solid to gas phase with no intermediate liquid stage. Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below the triple point (see phase diagram). At normal pressures, most chemical compounds and elements possess three different states at different temperatures. In these cases the transition from the solid to the gaseous state requires an intermediate liquid state. However, for some elements or substances at some pressures the material may pass directly from a solid into the gaseous state. This can occur if the atmospheric pressure exerted on the substance is too low to stop the molecules from escaping from the solid state.
The opposite of sublimation is deposition. The formation of frost is an example of meteorological deposition.
Contents
1 Examples
2 Sublimation purification
3 Uses
4 Historical usage
5 See also
6 References
//
Examples
Small pellets of dry ice subliming in air.
Some substances (such as zinc and cadmium) will sublime at low pressures and thus may be a problem encountered in high-vacuum applications.
Carbon dioxide is a common example of a chemical compound that sublimes at atmospheric pressure block of solid CO2 (dry ice) at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure will turn into gas without becoming a liquid. Iodine is another example of a substance that produces fumes on gentle heating. In contrast to CO2, though, it is possible to obtain liquid iodine at atmospheric pressure by controlling the temperature at just above the melting point of iodine. Snow and other water ices also sublime, although more slowly, at below-freezing temperatures. This phenomenon, used in freeze drying, allows wet cloth to be hung outdoors in freezing weather and retrieved later in a dry state. Naphthalene, a common ingredient in mothballs, also sublimes easily. Arsenic can also sublime at high temperatures. Sublimation requires additional energy and is an endothermic change. The heat of sublimation (also called enthalpy of sublimation) can be calculated as the enthalpy of fusion plus the enthalpy of vaporization.
Other substances, such as ammonium chloride, appear to sublime because of chemical reactions. When heated, ammonium chloride decomposes into hydrogen chloride and ammonia in a reversible reaction:
NH4Cl ? HCl + NH3
Sublimation purification
Air-free sublimation
Sublimation is a technique used by chemists to purify compounds. Typically a solid is placed in a vessel which is then heated under vacuum. Under this reduced pressure the solid volatilizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface, leaving the non-volatile residue impurities behind. This cooled surface often takes the form of a cold finger. Once heating ceases and the vacuum is released, the purified compound can be collected from the cold surface. Usually this is done using a sublimation apparatus?.[1]
Uses
Simple sublimation apparatus. Water, usually cold, is circulated in cold finger to allow the desired compound to be deposited.1 Cooling water in 2 Cooling water out 3 Vacuum/gas line 4 Sublimation chamber 5 Sublimed compound 6 Crude material 7 External heating
Frost-free freezers work by having a fan and air circulation inside the freezer. The sub-zero temperature combined with the air circulation that keeps the air arid significantly accelerates the sublimation process. This keeps freezer walls and shelves free of ice, although ice-cubes will continually sublime.
Dye sublimation is also often used in color printing on a variety of substrates, including paper. A small heater is used to vaporize the solid dye material, which then solidifies upon the paper. As this type of printer allows extremely fine control of the primary color ratios it is possible to obtain a good quality picture even with relatively low printer resolution, as compared to other printer types of similar resolution. Standard black and white laser printers are capable of printing on plain paper using a special "transfer toner" containing sublimation dyes which can then be permanently heat transferred to T-shirts, hats, mugs, metals, puzzles, shoes and other surfaces.
In the Fast-Freeze, Deep-Etch technique, samples (for example, tissue samples) are rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen and transferred to a vacuum device in which surface ice is sublimed. This effectively etches the sample surface, revealing the preserved 3D structure of the hydrated material. A rotary shadowed surface replica can then be obtained via electron...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about printable coffee cup, heat directly pot, . The Vending Machine with Washing Bottle Function products should be show more here!
Oldsmobile V8 engine
I want to introduct something about Yacht. 
The 1967 Toronado's 425 V8, the first post war front-wheel drive V8 application.
The Oldsmobile Rocket V8 was the first post-war OHV V8 at General Motors. Production started in 1949, with a new generation introduced in 1964. Like Pontiac, Olds continued building its own V8 engine family for decades, finally adopting the corporate Chevrolet 350 small-block and Cadillac Northstar engine only in the 1990s. All Oldsmobile V-8's were manufactured at plants in Lansing, Michigan.
All Oldsmobile V8s use a 90 bank angle, and most share a common stroke dimension: 3.4375in (87.3mm) for early Rockets, 3.6875in (93.7mm) for later Generation 1 motors, and 3.385in (86mm) for Generation 2. The engine could be classified as a small-block, but Oldsmobile used a higher deck height for a 4.25in (107.9mm) stroke to boost displacement to a big-block-like 455cubic inches (7.5L).
The Rocket V8 was the subject of many first and lasts in the automotive industry. It was the first mass-produced OHV V8 in 1949; and was the last carbureted V8 passenger car engine in 1990.
Contents
1 Generation 1
1.1 303
1.2 324
1.3 370
1.4 371
1.4.1 J-2 Golden Rocket
1.5 394
1.5.1 Sky Rocket
1.5.2 Starfire
2 Aluminum 215 ("Rockette")
2.1 Turbo Jetfire
3 Generation 2
3.1 Jetfire Rocket
3.2 400
3.2.1 4-4-2 Rocket
3.3 425
3.3.1 Super Rocket
3.3.2 Starfire
3.3.3 Toronado Rocket
3.4 455
3.5 350
3.5.1 L34
3.5.2 LF9 Diesel
3.6 Oldsmobile Diesel Problems
3.7 403
3.8 260
3.8.1 LV8
3.8.2 LF7 Diesel
3.9 307
3.9.1 LV2
3.9.2 LG8
4 Generation 3
5 See also
6 External links
7 References
//
Generation 1
The first generation of Oldsmobile V8s ranges from 1949 until 1964. Each engine in this generation is quite similar with the same size block and heads.
303
Rocket V8 303 engine
The 303-cubic-inch (5.0L) engine had hydraulic lifters, an oversquare bore:stroke ratio, a counterweighted forged crankshaft, aluminum pistons, floating wristpins, and a dual-plane intake manifold. The 303 was produced from 1949 until 1953. Bore was 3.75in (95.2mm) and stroke was 3.4375in (87.3mm). Cadillac used a distantly related motor which appeared in three different sizes through to the 1962 model year; though the Oldsmobile and Cadillac motors were not physically related, many lessons learned by one division were incorporated into the other's design, and the result were two engines known for their excellent power-to-weight ratio, fuel economy, and smooth, strong, reliable running.
The original Oldsmobile V8 was originally to be advertised as "Kettering Power" after chief engineer Charles Kettering, but company policy disallowed the use of his name. So the engine was sold as the Oldsmobile Rocket. The engine was available in Oldsmobile's 88 and Super 88 models, which acquired the nickname Rocket 88.
The 303 was available from 1949 through 1953. 1949 through 1951 "88" 303's came with a 2-barrel carburetor for 135hp (100kW) and 253lbt (343N). 1952 88 and Super 88 V8s used a 4-barrel carburetor for 160hp (119kW) and 265lbt (359N), while 1953 versions upped the compression from 7.5:1 to 8.0:1 for 165hp (123kW) and 275lbt (372N). For comparison, a 1949 Ford Flathead V8 produced just 100hp (74kW).
Applications:
1949-1953 Oldsmobile 88
1949-1953 Oldsmobile 98
1952-1953 Oldsmobile Super 88
324
The 324-cubic-inch (5.3L) version was also produced from 1954 until 1956. Bore was increased to 3.875in (98.4mm) and stroke remained the same at 3.4375in (87.3mm). All high performance 324s came with 4-barrel carburetors. The 324 was shared with GMC trucks.
The 1954 88 and Super 88 V8s used an 8.25:1 compression ratio for 170 and 185hp (126 and 137kW) and 295 and 300lbt (399 and 406N) respectively.
The 1955 upped the compression to 8.5:1 for 185hp (137kW) and 320lbt (433N) in the 88 and 202hp (150kW) and 332lbt (450N) in the Super 88 and 98. For engines built during the first part of 1955, the 324 skirted pistons had a reputation for failing due to the cast aluminum skirt separating from its steel interior brace. This problem did not appear until the engine had over 50,000miles (80,000km) on it. By late 1956, many Olds dealers learned about the problem.
Compression was up again in 1956 for 230hp (171kW) and 340lbt (460N) in the 88 and 240hp (178kW) and 350lbt (474N) in the Super 88 and 98.
Applications:
1954-1956 Oldsmobile 88
1954-1956 Oldsmobile Super 88
1954-1956 Oldsmobile 98
370
A special 370-cubic-inch (6.1L) variant called the 370 was used in GMC trucks alone, not shared.
371
371s were produced from 1957 through 1963. Bore was now 4.0in (101.6mm) and...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about centrifugal slurry pumps, textile dyeing process, . The Yacht products should be show more here!
Electric heating
I want to introduct something about .
Electric heating is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications include heating of buildings, cooking, and industrial processes.
An electric heater is an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is simply an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current through a resistor converts electrical energy into heat energy.
Alternatively, a heat pump uses an electric motor to drive a refrigeration cycle, drawing heat from a source such as the ground or outside air and directing it into the space to be warmed. Such systems can deliver two or three units of heating energy for every unit of electricity purchased.
Contents
1 Space heating
1.1 Radiative heaters or "space heaters"
1.2 Convection heaters
1.3 Fan heaters or "forced convection heaters"
1.4 Storage heating
1.5 Domestic electrical underfloor heating
1.6 Heat pumps
2 Water heating
2.1 Immersion heater
2.2 Electrode heater
3 Environmental and efficiency aspects
4 Economic aspects
5 Industrial electric heating
6 See also
7 References
//
Space heating
Although they all use the same physical principle to generate heat, electric heaters differ in the way they deliver that heat to the environment. Several types are described in the sections below.
Radiative heaters or "space heaters"
Main article: Space heating
Radiative heaters contain a heating element that reaches a high temperature. The element is usually packaged inside a glass envelope resembling a light bulb and with a reflector to direct the energy output away from the body of the heater. The element emits infrared radiation that travels through air or space until it hits an absorbing surface, where it is partially converted to heat and partially reflected. This heat directly warms people and objects in the room, rather than warming the air. This style of heater is particularly useful in areas which unheated air flows through. They are also ideal for basements and garages where spot heating is desired. More generally, they are an excellent choice for task-specific heating.
They operate silently. Radiant heaters present the greatest potential danger to ignite nearby furnishings due to the focused intensity of their output and lack of overheat protection.
Convection heaters
Main article: Convector heater
In a convection heater, the heating element heats the air next to it by conduction. Hot air is less dense than cool air, so it rises due to buoyancy, allowing more cool air to flow in to take its place. This sets up a constant current of hot air that leaves the appliance through vent holes and heats up the surrounding space. They are ideally suited for heating a closed space. They operate silently and have a lower risk of ignition hazard in the event that they make unintended contact with furnishings compared to radiant electric heaters. This is a good choice for long periods of time or if left unattended. They are very safe heaters and there is a very low chance of getting burned.
In the United Kingdom, these appliances are sometimes called electric fires, because they were originally used to replace open fires.
Fan heaters or "forced convection heaters"
Main article: Fan heater
A fan heater is a variety of convection heater that includes an electric fan to speed up the airflow. This reduces the thermal resistance between the heating element and the surroundings, allowing heat to be transferred more quickly.
They operate with considerable noise caused by the fan. They have a moderate risk of ignition hazard in the event that they make unintended contact with furnishings. This type of heater is a good choice for quick heating of enclosed spaces.
Storage heating
Main article: Storage heater
A storage heating system takes advantage of cheaper electricity prices, sold during low demand periods such as overnight. In the United Kingdom, this is branded as Economy 7. The storage heater stores heat in clay bricks, then releases it during the day when required.
Domestic electrical underfloor heating
Main article: Underfloor heating
These systems are called radiant heating systems, regardless of whether they include a heat exchanger (also called a radiator) or are electrically powered.
When a home radiant heat system is turned on, current flows through a conductive heating material. For high-voltage radiant heat systems, line voltage (110 V or 230 V) current flows through the heating cable. For low-voltage systems, the line voltage is converted to low voltage (8 to 30 V) in the control unit (which contains a step-down transformer) and this low voltage is then applied to the heating element.
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Exhaust system
I want to introduct something about 18/8 Stainless Steel Cutlery. 
Exhaust pipe of a car
An exhaust system is usually tubing used to guide waste exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through one or more of:
Cylinder head and exhaust manifold
A turbocharger to increase engine power.
A catalytic converter to reduce air pollution.
A muffler (North America) / silencer (Europe), to reduce noise.
Contents
1 Design criteria
1.1 Motorcycles
1.2 Trucks
1.3 Two-stroke engines
1.4 Ship's or large boat's onboard engine
1.5 Outboard motors
2 Terminology
2.1 Manifold or header
2.2 Header-back
2.3 Turbo-back
2.4 With or without catalytic converter
2.5 Cat-back
2.6 Tailpipe and tip
2.7 Lake pipes
3 See also
4 External links
//
Design criteria
An exhaust pipe must be carefully designed to carry toxic and/or noxious gases away from the users of the machine. Indoor generators and furnaces can quickly fill an enclosed space with carbon monoxide or other poisonous exhaust gases if they are not properly vented to the outdoors. Also, the gases from most types of machine are very hot; the pipe must be heat-resistant, and it must not pass through or near anything which can burn or can be damaged by heat. A chimney serves as an exhaust pipe in a stationary structure.
Motorcycles
In most motorcycles all or most of the exhaust system is visible and may be chrome plated as a display feature. Aftermarket exhausts may be made from steel, aluminium, titanium, carbon fibre or kevlar.
Motorcycle exhausts come in many different varieties depending on the type of engine and its intended use. A twin cylinder may flow its exhaust into separate exhaust sections, such as seen in the Kawasaki EX250 (also known as the Ninja 250 in the US or the GPX 250). Alternatively they may flow into a single exhaust section known as a two-into-one (2-1). Larger engines that come with 4 cylinders, such as Japanese supersport or superbikes (such the Kawasaki ZX series, Honda's CBR series, Yamaha's YZF series, also known as R6 and R1, and Suzuki's GSX-R series) often come with a twin exhaust system. A "full system" may be purchased as an aftermarket accessory, also called a 4-2-1 or 4-1, depending on its layout. In times past, these bike would come standard with a single exhaust, as seen on the Kawasaki ZX-6R 2000 and 2001 models. However, EU noise and pollution regulations have generally stopped this practice, forcing companies to use other methods to increase performance of the motorcycle. This has often lead to a decrease in fuel economy (because of increased weight of the exhaust system and manufacturers forcing more fuel into the engine to gain extra power, even though the exhaust emissions are cleaner.
Trucks
In many trucks / lorries all or most of the exhaust system is visible. Often in such trucks the silencer is surrounded by a perforated metal sheath to avoid people getting burnt touching the hot silencer. This sheath may be chrome plated as a display feature. Part of the pipe between the engine and the silencer is often flexible metal industrial ducting, as in the image in the section "Terminology". Sometimes a large diesel exhaust pipe is vertical, to blow the hot noxious gas well away from people; in such cases the end of the exhaust pipe often has a hinged metal flap to stop debris and birds and rainwater from falling inside. Sometimes this exhaust pipes have some flex connector attached with it. This helps in minimising the vibration from the engine to be transferred into the exhaust system.
Two-stroke engines
In a two-stroke engine, such as that used on dirt bikes, a bulge in the exhaust pipe known as an expansion chamber uses the pressure of the exhaust to create a pump that squeezes more air and fuel into the cylinder during the intake stroke. This provides greater power and fuel efficiency. See Kadenacy effect.
Ship's or large boat's onboard engine
With a ship's or large boat's onboard below-decks diesel engine:-
Lagging the exhaust pipe stops it from overheating the engine room where people must work to service the engine.
Feeding water into the exhaust pipe cools the exhaust gas and thus lessens the back-pressure at the engine's cylinders' exhaust ports and thus helps the cylinders to empty quicker.
Outboard motors
In outboard motors the exhaust system is usually a vertical passage through the engine structure and to reduce out-of-water noise blows out underwater, sometimes through the middle of the propeller.
Terminology
Large truck's diesel exhaust pipe
Manifold or header
In most production engines, the...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about titanium spring wire, including titanium bars, . The 18/8 Stainless Steel Cutlery products should be show more here!
Closed-circuit television camera
I want to introduct something about .
CCTV cameras can produce images or recordings for surveillance purposes, and can be either video cameras, or digital stills cameras.
Typical graphic for a CCTV camera
Contents
1 Video cameras
1.1 Analogue video cameras
1.2 Digital video cameras
1.3 Network cameras
2 Digital still cameras
3 See also
4 References
//
Video cameras
A couple of CS-mount lenses for surveillance cameras. The left one is designed to be hidden behind a wall.
Video cameras are either analogue or digital, which means that they work on the basis of sending analogue or digital signals to a storage device such as a video tape recorder or desktop computer or laptop computer.
Analogue video cameras
Can record straight to a video tape recorder which are able to record analogue signals as pictures. If the analogue signals are recorded to tape, then the tape must run at a very slow speed in order to operate continuously. This is because in order to allow a 3 hour tape to run for 24 hours, it must be set to run on a time lapse basis which is usually about 4 frames a second. In one second, the camera scene can change dramatically. A person for example can have walked a distance of 1 meter, and therefore if the distance is divided into 4 parts i.e. 4 frames or 'snapshots' in time, then each frame invariably looks like a blur, unless the subject keeps relatively still.
Analogue signals can also be converted into a digital signal to enable the recordings to be stored on a PC as digital recordings. In that case the analogue video camera must be plugged directly into a video capture card in the computer, and the card then converts the analogue signal to digital. These cards are relatively cheap, but inevitably the resulting digital signals are compressed 5:1 (MPEG compression) in order for the video recordings to be saved on a continuous basis.
Another way to store recordings on a non-analogue media is through the use of a digital video recorder (DVR). Such a device is similar in functionality to a PC with a capture card and appropriate video recording software. Unlike PCs, most DVRs designed for CCTV purposes are embedded devices that require less maintenance and simpler setup than a PC-based solution, for a medium to large number of analogue cameras.
Some DVRs also allow digital broadcasting of the video signal, thus acting like a network camera. If a device does allow broadcasting of the video, but does not record it, then it's called a video server. These devices effectively turn any analogue camera (or any analogue video signal) into a network camera.
Digital video cameras
A traffic surveillance camera in Stockholm, Sweden
These cameras do not require a video capture card because they work using a digital signal which can be saved directly to a computer. The signal is compressed 5:1, but DVD quality can be achieved with more compression (MPEG-2 is standard for DVD-video, and has a higher compression ratio than 5:1, with a slightly lower video quality than 5:1 at best, and is adjustable for the amount of space to be taken up versus the quality of picture needed or desired). The highest picture quality of DVD is only slightly lower than the quality of basic 5:1-compression DV.
Saving uncompressed digital recordings takes up an enormous amount of hard drive space, and a few hours of uncompressed video could quickly fill up a hard drive. Holiday uncompressed recordings may look fine but one could not run uncompressed quality recordings on a continuous basis. Motion detection is therefore sometimes used as a work around solution to record in uncompressed quality.
However, in any situation where standard-definition video cameras are used, the quality is going to be poor because the maximum pixel resolution of the image chips in most of these devices is 320,000 pixels (analogue quality is measured in TV lines but the results are the same); they generally capture horizontal and vertical fields of lines and blend them together to make a single frame; the maximum frame rate is normally 30 frames per second.
That said, multi-megapixel IP-CCTV cameras are coming on the market. Still quite expensive, but they can capture video images at resolutions of 1, 2, 3, 5 and even up to 11 Mpix. Unlike with analogue cameras, details such as number plates are easily readable. At 11 Mpix, forensic quality images are made where each hand on a person can be distinguised. Because of the much higher resolutions available with these types of cameras, they can be set up to cover a wide area where normally several analogue cameras would have been needed. IP Camera
Network cameras
Looking at the inside of a network camera. From left to right: network adapter, power supply, CPU, image encoder, image sensor.
IP cameras or network cameras are analogue or digital...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about carbon black chemicals, under counter vault, . The products should be show more here!
Compaq Presario
I want to introduct something about Palm LifeDrive Mobile Manager. 
Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (October 2008)
Presario is a series of desktop computers and notebooks from Compaq. The Presario family of computers was launched for the consumer marketplace in September 1993. Although HP has since acquired Compaq, the Presario name was not discontinued due to its marketability. In the mid-1990s, Compaq began manufacturing PC monitors as part of the Presario brand. An all-in one unithe CDS-520ontaining both the PC and the monitor in the same case was also released.
The Presario brand is still being produced. There are several Notebook models and two Desktop models, as of October 2008. Both the Desktops and Notebooks are noted by consumers to be a very good value for money, as well as suiting their needs.
Contents
1 Desktop series
2 Notebook series
3 Monitors
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
//
Desktop series
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Compaq Presario EZ2200
Compaq Presario CDTV520
Compaq Presario CQ60Z
Compaq Presario 633
Compaq Presario 2100
Compaq Presario 2200
Compaq Presario 2240
Compaq Presario 2286
Compaq Presario 3060
Compaq Presario 4090
Compaq Presario 4110EA
Compaq Presario 4240ES
Compaq Presario 4420CA
Compaq Presario 4400US
Compaq Presario 4403US
Compaq Presario 4505
Compaq Presario 4515EA
Compaq Presario 4528
Compaq Presario 4565ES
Compaq Presario 4640
Compaq Presario 4660
Compaq Presario 4824
Compaq Presario 4840
Compaq Presario 4860
Compaq Presario 4880
Compaq Presario 5000
Compaq Presario 5009SR
Compaq Presario 5BW284
Compaq Presario 5WV296
Compaq Presario 5100
Compaq Presario 5151
Compaq Presario 5260
Compaq Presario 5360
Compaq Presario 5300US
Compaq Presario 5304
Compaq Presario 5310US
Compaq Presario 5423US
Compaq Presario 5441
Compaq Presario 5461
Compaq Presario 5528
Compaq Presario 5600
Compaq Presario 5700
Compaq Presario 5715
Compaq Presario 5724
Compaq Presario 5855
Compaq Presario 6000
Compaq Presario 6400
Compaq Presario 6410
Compaq Presario 7000
Compaq Presario 7151WM
Compaq Presario 7210
Compaq Presario 7222
Compaq Presario 7234
Compaq Presario 7234ES
Compaq Presario 7360
Compaq Presario 7469
Compaq Presario 7470
Compaq Presario 7471
Compaq Presario 7478
Compaq Presario 7500
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Over-illumination
I want to introduct something about Energy Saving Light Bulb Lamp. 
<>The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.
This cosmetics store has lighting levels over twice recommended levels[1][verification needed]
Over-illumination is the presence of lighting intensity (illuminance) beyond that required for a specified activity. Over-illumination was commonly ignored between 1950 and 1995,[2] especially in office and retail environments; only since then has the interior design community begun to reconsider this practice.
The concept of over-illumination encompasses two separate but related concerns:
Use of more artificial illumination than required is expensive and energy-intensive. This includes consideration both of the appropriate level of illumination when spaces are in use, and when they are unoccupied.
Some people find excessive levels of artificial light to be irritating. These effects may depend on the spectrum of the light as well as the overall illuminance.
Lighting accounts for roughly 9% of U.S. residential electricity use.[3] Areas where energy and financial savings could be realized include unneeded overnight lighting of office buildings, forsaking available natural light, underutilization of occupancy sensors, and under-using discretionary light controls. In response to these concerns, the design and architecture communities are making greater use of indirect sunlight in modern commercial buildings.
Contents
1 Numerical definition
2 Related phenomena
3 Causes
3.1 Forsaking use of sunlight
3.2 Omitting occupancy sensors
3.3 Failure to delamp or use available lighting controls
4 Health effects
4.1 Headaches, fatigue, stress and performance effects
4.2 Circulatory and circadian rhythm effects
5 Energy and economic considerations
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
//
Numerical definition
Some big-box retail stores are over-illuminated.[citation needed]
Generally speaking, over-illumination occurs indoors when light levels exceed 500 lux for incidental lighting, 800 lux for general office use, or 1,600 lux for special purpose use such as microchip etching quality control. For comparison, the midday sun provides about 32,000 to 100,000 lux depending on latitude, time of year and cloud cover. The term over-illumination first came into reasonably broad use in the early 1990s, when the lighting, health and energy conservation fields realized its effects. Production of glare is a de facto indication of over-illumination, since that causes optical processing conflicts and confusion to the brain in processing optical inputs. Over-illumination is sometimes grouped with unnatural spectra because negative health effects may result from the excess illumination, and also because certain artificial lights (such as fluorescent lamps) provide intense illumination in certain frequency bands, unlike daylight, whose spectral power distribution is fairly even over the visible spectrum. The most desirable spectrum is that of natural light, which the body is attuned to and uses to set the circadian rhythms.[4]
Related phenomena
Over-illumination can contribute to light pollution, where stray light illuminates the outdoors or others' property, where it is unwanted. Over-illumination is a topic normally addressed in the process of building design, whereas light pollution is normally addressed by zoning regulations.
Furthermore, over-illumination generally does not refer to the extreme conditions of snowblindness or arc eye, in which ultraviolet light can induce physical damage to the cornea.
Causes
Lighting unoccupied areas is a significant waste of energy. Many office buildings are illuminated overnight and on weekends. In some cases, this is so that janitors working overnight do not have to bother turning lights on and off. Lighting of unoccupied areas can be reduced by installation of occupancy sensors or timers.
Energy can also be wasted by operating outdoor lighting during daylight. In many cases this arises because the lights are controlled by timers, which must be reset periodically as the time of sunset varies throughout the year.
Forsaking use of sunlight
A fitness club that is illuminated mostly by natural light
Forsaking use of sunlight is often a design decision made by the architect or their subcontractor. Overlooking opportunities for skylights is a major defect of many building designs, but lack of coordination of interior light banks with indirect sunlight is an even more common error. At a minimum, the building design should offer sufficient independent light banks so that building occupants may select the most suitable combination of natural to augmented light....(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about hid street light, decoration string light, . The Energy Saving Light Bulb Lamp products should be show more here! Over-illumination
Wednesday, May 6, 2009
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs
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(Redirected from The Beast with a Billion Backs)
"Yivo" redirects here. For the institute on Yiddish studies, see YIVO.
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs
Directed by
Peter Avanzino
Produced by
Lee SupercinskiClaudia Katz
Written by
Teleplay:Eric KaplanStory:Eric KaplanDavid X. Cohen
Starring
Billy WestKatey SagalJohn DiMaggioTress MacNeilleMaurice LaMarchePhil LaMarrLauren TomDavid Herman
Music by
Christopher Tyng
Editing by
Paul D. Calder
Distributed by
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
Release date(s)
North America:June 24, 2008United Kingdom:June 30, 2008Australia:August 6, 2008
Running time
89 min.
Country
United States
Language
English
Preceded by
Futurama: Bender's Big Score
Followed by
Futurama: Bender's Game
Official website ? IMDb ? Allmovie
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs is an animated science-fiction comedy, the second of the four Futurama straight-to-DVD films.[1] The film was released in the USA and Canada on June 24, 2008,[2][3] followed by a UK release on June 30, 2008 and an Australian release on August 6, 2008.[4] It has been confirmed by David X. Cohen on the audio commentary that the title refers to the phrase for sexual intercourse "the beast with two backs" which originated in English in Shakespeare's Othello. Comedy Central aired the movie as a "four-part epic" on October 19, 2008.[5] The movie won an Annie Award for "Best Animated Home Entertainment Production."
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Features
3.1 Opening
3.2 Guest stars
3.3 DVD
4 References
5 External links
//
Plot
A month after the universe was ripped open in Futurama: Bender's Big Score, people decide to go on with their lives. Amy and Kif get married, and Fry starts dating a girl named Colleen. This upsets Bender, since Fry is spending more time with Colleen than with him. Fry decides to move in with her despite his discovery that she has four additional boyfriends living with her. After his first evening at Colleen's apartment where she reveals she is going on a date with a 6th boyfriend, Fry breaks up with her.
At a scientific conference, Professor Farnsworth proposes an expedition to investigate the anomaly, and beats his archrival Wernstrom in a game of Deathball (a gigantic version of Labyrinth), winning the right to mount it. When Bender explores the anomaly his touch causes it to emit a shockwave which sends him and the ship flying. Farnsworth and Wernstrom discover that only living beings can pass through the anomaly; electrical objects such as robots are either repelled or destroyed. The two plan to initiate another expedition, but are rejected in favor of a military assault on the anomaly led by Zapp Brannigan.
Meanwhile, both Fry and Bender begin to feel lonely. Fry sneaks aboard Zapp's ship's lint cabinet just before the ship takes off so that he can find solace on the other side of the anomaly. Bender attempts suicide, only to be approached by the League of Robots, a secret society of robots who like to blather about and tease humans, led by his hero Calculon. Bender becomes a very prestigious member due to his perceived hatred of humans, although Calculon suspects that Bender is deceiving them.
As Fry enters the anomaly, Zapp's plan of attack goes awry, killing Kif. On the other side of the anomaly, Fry comes across a colossal, one-eyed, tentacled creature, which begins forcing its appendages through the anomaly. The tentacles attack everyone in the universe, and nothing can stop them since they are made of electro-matter that can only be harmed by other electro-matter. Fry returns to Earth with a tentacle attached to the back of his neck and tells everyone to "love the tentacle." The tentacles attach themselves to everyone, causing their victims to fall in love with it. With the monster's influence spreading, Fry becomes the pope of a new religion established to worship the tentacles.
Bender, meanwhile, believes that the League of Robots should uphold a strict anti-humans policy. However, when he assists his friends in eluding the tentacles, he is caught red-handed by the other members. When Calculon calls his bluff about hating humans, he challenges Calculon to a duel in which he cheats, damaging Calculon's arm and destroying part of their headquarters. Calculon is outraged by Bender's behavior and resigns from the League, making Bender its new leader.
Leela ends up the last person in the universe unattached to a tentacle. She examines a tentacle fragment and discovers that they are actually reproductive organs, revealing this to everyone at a universal religious gathering. The creature, named "Yivo", admits that mating with everyone in the universe was its original intention, but explains that...(and so on)
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(Redirected from The Beast with a Billion Backs)
"Yivo" redirects here. For the institute on Yiddish studies, see YIVO.
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs
Directed by
Peter Avanzino
Produced by
Lee SupercinskiClaudia Katz
Written by
Teleplay:Eric KaplanStory:Eric KaplanDavid X. Cohen
Starring
Billy WestKatey SagalJohn DiMaggioTress MacNeilleMaurice LaMarchePhil LaMarrLauren TomDavid Herman
Music by
Christopher Tyng
Editing by
Paul D. Calder
Distributed by
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
Release date(s)
North America:June 24, 2008United Kingdom:June 30, 2008Australia:August 6, 2008
Running time
89 min.
Country
United States
Language
English
Preceded by
Futurama: Bender's Big Score
Followed by
Futurama: Bender's Game
Official website ? IMDb ? Allmovie
Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs is an animated science-fiction comedy, the second of the four Futurama straight-to-DVD films.[1] The film was released in the USA and Canada on June 24, 2008,[2][3] followed by a UK release on June 30, 2008 and an Australian release on August 6, 2008.[4] It has been confirmed by David X. Cohen on the audio commentary that the title refers to the phrase for sexual intercourse "the beast with two backs" which originated in English in Shakespeare's Othello. Comedy Central aired the movie as a "four-part epic" on October 19, 2008.[5] The movie won an Annie Award for "Best Animated Home Entertainment Production."
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Features
3.1 Opening
3.2 Guest stars
3.3 DVD
4 References
5 External links
//
Plot
A month after the universe was ripped open in Futurama: Bender's Big Score, people decide to go on with their lives. Amy and Kif get married, and Fry starts dating a girl named Colleen. This upsets Bender, since Fry is spending more time with Colleen than with him. Fry decides to move in with her despite his discovery that she has four additional boyfriends living with her. After his first evening at Colleen's apartment where she reveals she is going on a date with a 6th boyfriend, Fry breaks up with her.
At a scientific conference, Professor Farnsworth proposes an expedition to investigate the anomaly, and beats his archrival Wernstrom in a game of Deathball (a gigantic version of Labyrinth), winning the right to mount it. When Bender explores the anomaly his touch causes it to emit a shockwave which sends him and the ship flying. Farnsworth and Wernstrom discover that only living beings can pass through the anomaly; electrical objects such as robots are either repelled or destroyed. The two plan to initiate another expedition, but are rejected in favor of a military assault on the anomaly led by Zapp Brannigan.
Meanwhile, both Fry and Bender begin to feel lonely. Fry sneaks aboard Zapp's ship's lint cabinet just before the ship takes off so that he can find solace on the other side of the anomaly. Bender attempts suicide, only to be approached by the League of Robots, a secret society of robots who like to blather about and tease humans, led by his hero Calculon. Bender becomes a very prestigious member due to his perceived hatred of humans, although Calculon suspects that Bender is deceiving them.
As Fry enters the anomaly, Zapp's plan of attack goes awry, killing Kif. On the other side of the anomaly, Fry comes across a colossal, one-eyed, tentacled creature, which begins forcing its appendages through the anomaly. The tentacles attack everyone in the universe, and nothing can stop them since they are made of electro-matter that can only be harmed by other electro-matter. Fry returns to Earth with a tentacle attached to the back of his neck and tells everyone to "love the tentacle." The tentacles attach themselves to everyone, causing their victims to fall in love with it. With the monster's influence spreading, Fry becomes the pope of a new religion established to worship the tentacles.
Bender, meanwhile, believes that the League of Robots should uphold a strict anti-humans policy. However, when he assists his friends in eluding the tentacles, he is caught red-handed by the other members. When Calculon calls his bluff about hating humans, he challenges Calculon to a duel in which he cheats, damaging Calculon's arm and destroying part of their headquarters. Calculon is outraged by Bender's behavior and resigns from the League, making Bender its new leader.
Leela ends up the last person in the universe unattached to a tentacle. She examines a tentacle fragment and discovers that they are actually reproductive organs, revealing this to everyone at a universal religious gathering. The creature, named "Yivo", admits that mating with everyone in the universe was its original intention, but explains that...(and so on)
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