Garbage disposal

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A garbage disposal, food waste disposer, waste disposal unit, or garburator / garbarator (Canada) is a device, usually electrically-powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough (generally less than 2mm) to pass through plumbing.
Contents
1 Nomenclature
2 Geographical extent
3 The rationale for garbage disposals
4 Disadvantages
5 History
6 Operation
7 Selection
8 Environmental impact
9 Cultural references
10 External links
10.1 References
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Nomenclature
In other languages, these units may be called
kitchen pig (Hungarian)
kitchen trash chopper (German from Khenabfallzerkleinerer)
Geographical extent
Garbage disposal units are widely used in North American households, but far less commonly used in Australasia and Europe. In nations with ready access to water and an industrial base, these devices are generally permitted.
In Sweden, some municipalities encourage the installation of disposers so as to increase the production of biogas. Some local authorities in Britain subsidise the purchase of garbage disposal units in order to reduce the amount of waste going to landfill.
In Germany[citation needed] and Switzerland, installation of garbage disposals is prohibited by national law.
The rationale for garbage disposals
Food scraps range from 10% to 20% of household waste, and are a problematic component of municipal waste, creating public health, sanitation and environmental problems at each step, beginning with internal storage and truck-based collection. Burned in waste-to-energy facilities, the high water-content of food scraps does not generate energy; buried in landfills, food scraps decompose and generate methane gas, which is highly potent as a contributor to global warming (21 times more potent than carbon dioxide.)
The premise behind the proper use of a disposal is to effectively regard food scraps as liquid (averaging 70% water, like human waste), and utilize existing infrastructure (underground sewers and wastewater treatment plants) for its management. Modern wastewater plants are effective at processing organic solids into fertilizer products (known as biosolids), with advanced facilities also capturing methane for energy production.
Disadvantages
Some say that[weaselwords] sewage treatment plants cannot cope with the extra load of kitchen waste disposal units. The load of organic carbon that reaches the treatment plant increases and consumption of oxygen increases[citation needed]. The result is larger amounts of solids. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic carbon in food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running. Carbon may be deficient in that process. If no waste water treatment is performed the extra load of pollutants is detrimental to the environment. Also, other chemicals in the waste are problematic.
One survey of these food processing units found a slight increase in household water use.
Many standard disposal units allow a dishwasher to be connected, and some more expensive dishwashers are equipped with a small built-in garbage disposal units, making it unnecessary to scrape plates before washing them.
History

An installed garbage disposal with air switch.(the clear tube conveys the air that activates the switch.)
The garbage disposal was invented in 1927 by John W. Hammes. He was an architect working in Racine, Wisconsin. After eleven years of development, his InSinkErator company put his disposer on the market in 1938.
In many cities in the United States in the 1930's and the 1940's the municipal sewage system had regulations prohibiting running food waste (garbage) into the system. InSinkErator spent considerable effort, and was highly successful in convincing many localities to rescind these prohibitions. Many localities mandated the use of disposers. For many years, garbage disposals were illegal in New York City because of a perceived threat of damage to the city's sewer system. After a 21-month study with the NYC Department of Environmental Protection, the ban was rescinded on September 11, 1997 by local law 1997/071 which amended section 24-518.1, NYC Administrative code. In 2008, the city of Raleigh, North Carolina attempted a ban on the replacement and installation of garbage disposals which also extended to outlying towns sharing the city's municipal sewage system, but rescinded the ban one month later.
Garbage disposal units became popular in American kitchens of the better-off in the 1970s and 1980s. In the U.S. 47% of homes had disposal units as of 2007, but in the United Kingdom this was only 6%.
Operation

The parts of a garbage disposal.
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