Turf management

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Turf management or pitchcare describes the work needed to keep a sporting pitch ready for use. The skills needed vary considerably dependent upon the sport and whether or not artificial surfaces are used. Special sets of skills are also needed to care for either sand-based athletic fields or native soil fields.
Contents
1 Cricket pitches
2 Tennis Courts
3 Golf courses
4 Football (Soccer) pitches
5 Athletics tracks
6 Education
7 References
8 External links
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Cricket pitches

A cricket match in progress. The lighter strip is the cricket pitch
Cricket pitches are mainly natural grass with infrequent replacement of the playing surface. Cricket pitches are unusual in that they have to last for up to 5 days of play and the way that the pitch will change over time is an essential part of the sport. The English cricket board has published a definitive paper on pitch properties and performance. The properties of an ideal cricket pitch have been identified as
Bounce, technically measured as the vertical rebound height of a ball dropped from 3 metres.
Pace, the degree to which a ball is slowed on hitting the pitch.
Consistency. Consistency of bounce is reported to be the most valued characteristic of a good pitch.
Turn. This refers to the ability of the ball to turn away from the line of trajectory. A thin grass covering has been calculated to have up to 30% less friction on a bouncing ball. However it is believed that the most significant contribution to turn comes from pitch damage as the game progresses.
Research has also identified the ideal soil as having between 27% and 33% clay. Less than this will hinder binding of the grass. More than this will make for a heavy pitch which takes longer to dry out and is more difficult to handle. There should be between 3% and 8% of organic matter in the soil.Above 8% there will be problems with water retention and soil strength.
Cricket pitches are often viewed as a long term investment. A poor year of maintenance can influence the performance of the pitch many years later.
Cricket pitches occasionally use under soil drainage .
Tennis Courts
File:Tennis courts.jpg
Empty tennis courts.
There are two main types of tennis court, grass and clay. The clay courts can then be divided into natural clay, hard courts and fast/dry courts.
All tennis courts should ideally be a little west of true north to ensure minimum problems from sunlight.
Grass courts. Historically very popular they are now slowly being replaced by clay courts which offer the opportunity of year round usage and lower maintenance.
The skills needed to maintain a grass court are considerable. Traditionally the court is split into the foundations and drainage, the soil or binding layer and the grass. All three must work together to provide the best playing surface. Maintenance of grass courts is typically split into the following areas
Mowing, 6 to 8 mm
Fertilisers.
Scarification. Mechanically raising the surface turf to prevent compaction.
Rolling. Usually done is springtime to correct any problems from the winter weather.
Aeration. Winter work to remedy compaction over the summer. It will encourage deep rooting as well as assisting in drainage.
Seeding or worn areas after the season has ended.
Top dressing at the end of the season to maintain turf quality.
Artificial grass courts are a popular option at club level as they are weather resistant and their shock absorbing qualities help limit injuries. However they are not recommended for high skill levels and are expensive to maintain. The Lawn Tennis Association cost a basic court at ?27,000 and replacement turf every 9 years, a further ?11,000.
Clay courts. Clay courts require water to keep from cracking. This limits their use in both very dry regions. At the other extreme countries like the United kingdom with very wet seasons can make a Clay court unplayable for long periods and also give rise to expensive maintenance at the start of the season. Normal maintenance is basically regular watering and rolling. This prevents the surface turning into dust. Clay courts can have both sub surface and above surface irrigation. They provide a good training surface with a medium to slow pace and consistent bounce. The Lawn Tennis Association prices the courts at between ?34,000 and ?60,000 to construct.
Hard courts. Typically made from asphalt or concrete with an acrylic covering. They are also called synthetic granular courts. These courts typically provide a ast game which means the tennis ball will bounce with a low angle. The speed of the court can be changed by varying the amount of sand present in the covering. If a layer of cushioning material is added to a hard court then the performance increases and this...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about stainless steel saucepan, bread cutting board, . The Pj-W501 3lcd Projector With TV / PC / Video Turner products should be show more here!