Wednesday, April 8, 2009

D-STAR

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ICOM IC-91AD handheld transceiver with the D-STAR UT-121 digital voice board installed
D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio) is a digital voice and data protocol specification developed as the result of research by the Japan Amateur Radio League to investigate digital technologies for amateur radio. While there are other digital on-air technologies being used by amateurs that have come from other services, D-Star is one of the first on-air standards to be widely deployed and sold by a major radio manufacturer that is designed specifically for amateur service use.
D-Star compatible radios are available on VHF and UHF and microwave amateur radio bands. In addition to the over-the-air protocol, D-Star also provides specifications for network connectivity, enabling D-Star radios to be connected to the Internet or other networks and provisions for routing data streams of voice or packet data via amateur radio callsigns.
The first manufacturer to offer D-Star compatible radios is Icom. As of December 30, 2008, no other amateur radio equipment manufacturer has chosen to include D-Star technology in their radios. Kenwood re-brands an Icom radio and distributes it in Japan only.
Contents
1 History
2 Technical details
3 Importance of Digital Technology and D-STAR
4 Criticism
5 Gateway server
5.1 How Gateway 2.0 works
5.2 Differences between Gateway 2.0 and Gateway 1.0
5.3 Gateway 1.0 control software
5.4 Add-on software
6 Manufacturers of D-STAR equipment
7 Equipment
8 Compatible programs and online projects
8.1 D-StarLet
8.2 D-PRS interface
8.3 DStarMonitor
8.4 DStarQuery
8.5 d*Chat
8.6 D-TERM
8.7 D-RATS
8.8 Dstar Comms
8.9 DSTARSWITCH
8.10 DStar TV
9 Home-brew D-Star radio
10 References
11 Journal
12 Media
13 See also
14 External links
//
History

ICOM ID-800H mobile D-STAR transceiver
1999 Funded by the Japanese government and administrated by the JARL, investigation was put into finding a new way of bringing digital technology to amateur radio.
2001 D-Star is published as the result of the research.
Unknown Date Icom enters the construction of the new digital technology by offering the hardware necessary to create this technology.
Unknown Date The conclusion of all this work is the digital technology for amateur radio called D-Star.[1]
February, 1 2008 - Icom announces the availability of Gateway 2.0 software.
April 23, 2008 - Icom and US trust server administration announce the shutdown of the Gateway 1.0 U.S. trust server will occur at 00:00 UTC on June 1, 2008, at which time all systems should have transitioned to Gateway 2.0 software and the new U.S. trust server.
Technical details
D-STAR transfers both voice and data via digital encoding over the 2m (VHF), 70cm (UHF), and 23cm (1.2GHz) amateur radio bands. There is also an interlinking radio system for creating links between systems in a local area on 10GHz.
Within the D-Star Digital Voice protocol standards (DV), voice audio is encoded as a 3600bit/s data stream using proprietary AMBE encoding, with 1200bit/s FEC, leaving 1200bit/s for an additional data "path" between radios utilizing DV mode. On air bit rates for DV mode are 4800bit/s over the 2m, 70cm and 23cm bands.
In addition to DV mode, a high speed Digital Data (DD) mode can be sent at 128kbit/s only on the 23cm band. A higher-rate proprietary data protocol, currently believed to be much like ATM, is used in the 10GHz "link" radios for site-to-site links.
Radios providing DV data service within the low-speed voice protocol variant typically use an RS-232 or USB connection for low speed data (1200bit/s), while the Icom ID-1 23cm band radio offers a standard Ethernet connection for high speed (128kbit/s) connections, to allow easy interfacing with computer equipment.[2]
Importance of Digital Technology and D-STAR
As long as the signal strength is above a minimum threshold, and no multi-path is occurring, the quality of the data received is better than an analog signal at the same strength.
The system today is capable of linking repeaters together locally and through the Internet utilizing callsigns for routing of traffic. Servers are linked via TCP/IP utilizing proprietary "gateway" software, available from Icom. This allows amateur radio operators to talk to any other amateurs participating in a particular gateway "trust" environment. The current master gateway in the United States is operated by the K5TIT group in Texas, who were the first to install a D-Star repeater system in the U.S.[3]
Another important aspect of D-STAR technology is its ability to send large quantities of data to emergency responders in the event of a...(and so on)

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